The primary cause of eutrophication is an excessive concentration of plant nutrients originating from agriculture or sewage treatment. The purpose of this booklet is to describe in a simple way the causes of eutrophication, the environmental effects, the associated nuisances and health risk as well as the preventive and mitigating measures. It is hoped that the booklet, which represents a collaborative effort between the European Commission and the WHO, will contribute to a better understanding of the problem of eutrophication and a more effective control of nutrient enrichment in our lakes, rivers ans seas.
Dr Gunter KLEIN Head of office WHO European Centre for Environment and Health Bonn Office Prudencio PERERA Director Environment Quality and Natural Resources European Commission A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa. eu. int). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2002 ISBN 92-894-4413-4 © European Communities, 2002 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
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Several algicides such as copper sulphate, chlorine and citrate copper are capable of killing algal and cyanobacterial cells. This will result in the release of their intracellular charge, including the undesirable toxin. This approach is radical and should be undertaken with caution. Algicide treatment of water bodies may result in adverse taste and odour of the affected water. Moreover, some of the algicides have undesirable environmental impacts which can lead to the selection of resistant species of algae or cyanobacteria. The efficiency of the algicide depends on the features of the water and especially the quality of the contact made between the product and the target.
