The Social Gospel and settlement house movements in the late 1800s aimed to help the poor through community centers, churches and social services. 2. The Young Man’s Christian Association (YMCA) opened libraries, sponsored classes and built handball courts as well as swimming pools. 3. The Salvation Army fed the less fortunate in soup kitchens, cared for children in nurseries, and set “slum brigades” to instruct poor immigrants in middle-class values of hard work and temperance.
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Promoting Moral Improvement 1. Prohibitionists groups (people who believed in the banning of alcoholic beverages) feared that alcohol was undermining American morals. 2. The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), founded in Cleveland in 1874 lead the crusade for prohibition. Members advanced their cause by entering saloons, praying, singing and urging saloon keepers to stop selling alcohol. 3. Tension arose between immigrants and people making an effort towards prohibition.
As members of pro-prohibition groups tried to shut down saloons, immigrants had customs involving alcoholic beverages and relied on saloons for cashing paychecks and serving meals Creating Economic Reform 1. As a result of some Americans questioning the capitalist economic system they decided to embrace socialism, workers in particular. 2. Eugene V. Debs, a labor leader, helped organize the American socialist party in 1901. 3. Muckracker wrote about corruption in businesses. Fostering Efficiency 1. Leaders put their faith in experts and scientific principles. Roosevelt 1901-1909
Teddy Roosevelt was born to a wealthy family in New York City. (1858) 2. After terms in New York state assembly he because NYC police commissioner then Sec. of U. S. Navy. The Modern Presidency 1. Roosevelt became the youngest president ever at 42 years old. 2. When big businesses victimized workers Pres. Roosevelt would see to it that the common people received what he called the Square deal. Trust Busting 1. By 1900, trusts-legal bodies created to hold stock in many companies- controlled about four-fifths of the industries in the U.S. 2. Pres.
Roosevelt did not believe that all trusts were harmful, but he sought to curb the actions of those that hurt the public interest. 1902 Coal Strike 1. 140,000 coal miners in Pennsylvania went on strike and demanded a 20% raise, a nine-hour workday, and the right to organize a union, the mine operators refused to bargain. 2. After Pres. Roosevelt’s demonstrated a new principle and from then on, when a strike threatened the public welfare, the federal government was expected to intervene. Regulating Food & Drugs 1.
In 1906 Roosevelt pushed for passage of the Meat Inspection Act which dictated strict cleanliness requirements for meatpackers and created the program of federal met inspection. 2. The federal meat inspection was in use until it was replaced by more sophisticated techniques in the 1990s. Conservation Measures 1. Roosevelt condemned the view that America’s resources were endless and made conservation a primary concern. 2. Roosevelt set aside 148 million acres of forest reserves, 1. 5 million acres of water-power sites, 80 million acres of land and 50 wildlife sanctuaries.
As president, Taft pursued a cautiously progressive agenda, seeking to consolidate rather than to expand Roosevelt’s reforms. 2. Taft hesitated to use the presidential bully pulpit to arouse public. The Payne-Aldrich Tariff 1. Payne-Aldrich Tariff is a comprimise that only moderated the high rates of the Aldrich Bill. 2. Taft had campaigned on a platform of lowering tariffs, a staple of the progressive agenda. Disputing Publics Lands: 1. Taft angered conservationists controls on western land. 2. Ballinger disapproved of conservationalists controls on western land.
