These are reasons why there is an urgent and constant need for alternative energy sources. Bioethanol, biobutanol, and biohydrogen are renewable alternatives for future gasoline. By the time of writing, butanol production in halophilic fermentative bacteria has not been reported but many of the halophilic fermentative species have been reported to produce ethanol, however, according to the best of our knowledge, halophilic ethanol production has not been studied in more detail. Hydrogen is a renewable and clean source of energy and thus considered as a potential energy carrier of the future.
Hydrogen that is produced on renewable routes, such as a product in biological metabolism, is furthermore considered as a viable energy carrier. Hydrogen has several advantages as an energy carrier: The heat value is high, hydrogen is easily combustible, and when combusted, water is the sole product. Hydrogen is thus considered as environmental friendly potential energy solution for the future. The biological hydrogen production in hypersaline environment would not only be sustainable but also carefully protected from contamination.
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It has been reported that halophilic hydrogen utilizing methanogens, which without high selection pressure tend to contaminate bioprocesses, are rare (Oren, 2001, 2002). Therefore the sterilization costs of the halophilic hydrogen producing bioprocess could be minimized also in high volumes. In our studies, hydrogen production using glycerol as a substrate of fermentation was optimized in batch experiments in terms of pH, substrate and salt concentration in the two subsp. of H. saccharolyticum (Kivisto et al. , 2010).
