Deerkha chaturasrasya akshnayarajju: Paarshwamaanee thiryangmaaneecha prithak bhoopathe Kurutha: thadupayam karothee” (The area of square of diagonal of a rectangle is the sum of the area of squares of its adjacent and opposite sides. ) Then let’s look at the famous Pythagoras theorem: “The square on the hypotenuse of a right angled triangle is equal to the sum of squares of its sides” The Sulba sutra was written on 12th century B.
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C. but the Pythagoras theorem was introduced on 6th century B. C, 600 years after Sulba sutra. That is, most of the works, theorems and concepts of mathematics existed in India on its own form even before in other countries. Let’s look at the glorious history of mathematics in India, its present state, and to what it is pointed. Zero, the concept that laid foundation for the decimal system, the concept which made the beginning of all other mathematical ideas was originated in India.
The invention of zero and decimal system was the reason for development of mathematics in India. The fingerprints of Indian intelligence have fallen on the stage of mathematical operations too. Direct and inverse methods for addition and subtraction, 6 methods for multiplication etc were mentioned in ancient texts of India. The method of division was known to Indians before 4th century B. C. Aryabhata explains method for finding square and cube roots in just two sloka. In Bhaskaracharya’s Leelavati, 8 mathematical operations, treatment with zero etc are described.
By using the mathematical ideas that formed on the subcontinent, innovations were made in the field of geometry, arithmetic, astronomy etc. in ancient periods, mathematics was used for the purposes like agriculture, worship, division of land and measurement of time. The major achievements in the field of arithmetic were by Bhaskara II. In his work Leelavati, * Method of elimination (finding a and b when a+b and a-b are provided. ) * Root elimination (finding a and b when a-b, a2-b2 are provided. ) * Method of inversion etc. Are provided.
There were notable contributions by Kerala scientists also. There was a series of scholars studied in Kerala School of mathematics during 14th to 17th century AD. Let’s look at the present state of mathematics in India. SREENIVASA RAMANUJAN The second decade of the 20th century compulsorily turned the attention of the mathematical world to India and the Number Theory genius, Sreenivasa Ramanujan. The ideas and innovative genius of Ramanujan have not been surpassed ever before or even 100 years after him. His life inspired many young men to take research in mathematics.
HARISH CHANDRA Harish Chandra is perhaps the least known Indian mathematician outside the mathematical circles. His work formed Langland’s theory of automorphic forms, which was a vast generalization of the modular form considered by Ramanujan. We have a lot of mathematicians like CN Seshadri, T Vijayaragavan, S Mukhopadhyay, Ganesh Prasad, Manjul Bhrgava etc. Also the contributions made by institutions like TIFR (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai) and ISI( Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta) are considerable.
The question arises that will India be able to continue its lead in mathematics? The answer is yes, but it will not be possible if the current social situation continues. There are a lot of problems in the field of mathematics in India. The major ones among these are the attitude of people, policies of the state and migration of intelligence. Even though we have many achievements in the field of mathematics in present, they are not even comparable with those we had on our ancient period. That is, we have to improve a lot. Let’s hope that the mathematics will lead us to a pleasant future.
