Assessing Potential Contribution Of Public Parks To Society Tourism Essay

Public Parks and gardens are of import in urban environment as they contribute to a great extent in supplying quality of life to metropolis inhabitants. There are many benefits associated with gardens and Parkss such as mental, psychological, societal and wellness benefits. The intent of this survey is to ease understanding on public perceptual experience on the usage and value of public Parkss in human life and its possible part towards creative activity of environment suited for people. A societal study of the visitants of two Parkss will be conducted to develop a database on the topic.

Parks are built-in portion of metropoliss and they contribute significantly to urban green construction. Parks and metropolis bestow life on one another ; the Parkss upgrade environing countries by supplying clean air. Parks are besides of import for aesthetic satisfaction. German unfastened infinite criterions suggest that there should be 13 square metres of Parkss per individual, six of which are to be within 10 proceedingss walk and for the best life environment ( Cox, 1971 ) . However a contention among contrivers and conservationists in unfastened infinite proviso does be. Harmonizing to another criterion, 25 % of the entire country should be under verdure and Parkss. For natural unfastened infinite proviso may be at least one 20 hour angle site within 2 kilometers of all occupants ; and at least one 500 hour angle site within 10 kilometers of all occupants ( Box and Harrison, 1994 ) .

There is a profoundly found impression in the western society that contact with nature affords humans a scope of personal, societal, psychological and health-giving benefits ( Kaplan and Kaplan, 1989 ; Swanwick, 1989 ; William and Jones, 1990 ) , and mention is often made to restorative qualities of natural scenes in which people can “ retrieve their capacity to fend off distraction and coercion ” ( Kaplan, 1983 ) . There is besides a popular premise that urban life is unnatural, unnatural and inherently more nerve-racking than rural being, necessarily bring forthing jobs for metropolis inhabitants, particularly kids and households.

Peoples perceive topographic points and infinites in a complex manner, which will ever neglect to bring forth true type of environment ( Beer, 1991 ) . Considerable attending has been focused on the congruity of single and environment in the recent old ages. One might believe that this extended attempt would supply penetration into the kind of environments that are most suited for people. In rule, environment interior decorators, contrivers, and directors should be able to heighten their effectivity given this rich organic structure of theory and informations ( Kaplan, 1983 ) . To a great extent, nevertheless, this bright chance has non been realized. For a assortment of grounds, old research on person-environment tantrum offers small counsel for those trying either to understand or to modify the impact of the physical environment. The intent of this research is to suggest a slightly different position of the relationship of people and environment, a position intended to ease apprehension and even making environments that are suited for people.

There is a difference between Parkss and gardens. Garden refers non to a brilliant topographic points that are professionally maintained but to secret plans of land where persons grow workss of their choosing ( Kaplan, 1989 ) . Garden is a defined topographic point where plantation and verdure is present and it may be public or private garden, while public park is a designated topographic point which is unfastened every clip for public. However, in the coming text, term garden and park will be used to mention public gardens and Parkss.

Gardens provide means for immediate contact with nature. Peoples get a batch of benefits from gardens by prosecuting themselves in turning and care of workss. Psychological benefits from the gardens may include basking peacefulness and nature and besides the gardens may be the beginning of quiet and tranquility. Social facets include, speaking to people, doing friends and better socialisation. Provision of Parkss provides the people an chance for exercising, bring arounding some diseases, mental satisfaction and to pass a good clip.

Worldwide there are attempts to understand the function and value of public Parkss amongst people and attending is given towards place gardens and betterment of public Parkss and gardens ( Bittenbender, 1985 ) .

In our state, importance of gardens and public Parks is still non understood decently. There is small consciousness of advantages associated with the commissariats of public Parkss. Parks and unfastened infinites are designed without cognizing the user ‘s demand which consequences into several factors such as commissariats are non made in urban countries or if topographic points are at that place, they are non managed or infinite potency is non being utilized for the commissariats considered necessary for the metropolis inhabitants. The information generated through this survey will be helpful in future planning of Parkss in new towns and settlements and betterment of the bing Parkss and gardens.

This survey aims to seek information on the attitude of the people about public Parkss and gardens. Detailed purposes and aims of this survey are outlined below.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

To happen out the perceptual experiences of visitants of the Parkss sing function and value of public Parkss in human life.

To look into into the function of gardens and public Parkss in urban environment as perceived by park visitants.

To screen out the psychological, societal, personal, environmental and wellness benefits to people from Parkss and unfastened infinites.

To seek out strengths and failings in the design, commissariats, and direction of Parkss and gardens.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Role of Parkss in urban life

Parks have a great function in betterment of urban environment and they contribute a batch in improvement of the urban life. Harmonizing to the German criterions of unfastened infinites, they suggest that there should be 13 square metres of Parkss per individual, six of which are to be within 10 proceedingss walk. There should be a continuos web of Parks over the metropolis, associating bing Parkss to each other, the river, woods and athleticss centres, so enabling the prosaic to walk through the town within green infinites without either holding to traverse roads or encounter built-up countries ( Cox, 1971 ) .

The turning importance of agreeableness Parkss in a changing environment and their use in urban environment is inevitable. Urban Parkss in Bohemia and Moravia were analyzed with respect to country, H2O, roads, benches and edifices, seasonal alteration in figure of visitants and type of visitants, and the consequences are critically evaluated ( Jelinkova, 1985 ) .

Open infinites in urban countries have an of import function to play in supplying the much-needed criterions of good life to show that sites can be efficaciously managed for both people and wildlife. Parks and gardens are so of import in our life that commissariats should be made for local nature militias in every urban country at minimal degree of 1 hour angles per 1000 of population i.e. equivalent to 10 M2s per individual ( Box and Harrison, 1994 ) .

Contact with nature

Horticulturists are profoundly concerned with environmental factors that limit productiveness ; and with use to the upper limit of advantageous environment. The best kept secret in the United States is the enormous part of plantsmans in supplying our people with an copiousness of healthful and alimentary nutrient at modest cost ; and in conveying elation over the sheer beauty of horticultural plantings ( Wadleigh, 1971 ) .

Horticultural therapy nowadayss eternal illustrations of horticultural helping in recovery and rehabilitation as happening in nurseries, groves, farms and possibly suburban paces and flat patios. However, to these sites we must besides add urban ghettos, mental infirmaries, schools for retarded prisons, geriatric centres, physical rehabilitation centres. Though in these scenes it is more likely to be called gardening instead than gardening, it is the same procedure, bring forthing the same merchandises: workss, flowers, veggies, fruits. However, there is a qualitative difference. In each of these societal scenes the procedure of gardening besides helped relieve human emphasis – societal, physical and psychological. Reports on horticulture in low-income countries verify the good influence of gardening on behaviour ( Lewis, 1976 ) .

Public Health and Psychological good being

Gardening has several advantages as a get downing point in analyzing the psychological benefits associated with nature experiences. Much of the significance of garden for people can be traced to the construct of control. The garden is a topographic point that people can straight determine and command in a universe and environment mostly outside their direct control ( Kaplan, 1973 ) .

Many people attest to the curative value of garden activities including work forces and adult females who work in their ain gardens and nurseries as a avocation. Through gardening they find relaxation and enjoyment. Flower arrangement and other associated activities like garnering dry stuffs, drying flowers, and doing pressed flower images, dried agreements and Christmas ornaments provide of import mercantile establishments for single development and look. Many people find satisfaction in the simple joy of giving flowers and workss ( Odom, 1973 ) .

Gardening, both scientific discipline and art, has proven to be curative to many people. Natural environment does affair, that people appreciate it and that, in assorted ways, the environment can lend to heighten good being. Work with workss has mending quality that is loosen uping and fulfilling ( Tereshkovich, 1973 ) .

Gardens and unfastened infinites have a great curative value. This curative benefit is due to an built-in relationship between people and workss. This therapy is really of import for bring arounding the individuals, for illustration, some mentally handicapped, have particular demands, whereby their values and sense of standardization with society are different. It is being practiced in rural countries and infirmaries specially ( Grossmann, 1979 ) .

Landscaped countries can besides be a beginning of satisfaction, whether or non one participates in their care. The cognition that one can bask such an country is in itself a beginning of satisfaction. This issue is peculiarly of import when satisfaction is assessed in term of use ( Kaplan and Kaplan, 1989 ) .

Importance of analyzing difference in perceptual experience in be aftering procedure

Planing trades with the wide-ranging range of public infinites, which encompass a wide array of scene, including urban streets, place and squares every bit good as promenades, Parkss and natural scenes. National Parkss, woods and wilderness countries besides come in the apprehension of public topographic points. This is a multi-disciplinary attack which includes the subjects like architecture, geographics, landscape architecture, psychological science, sociology, natural resources and urban design ( Altman and Zube, 1990 ) .

With the enlargement the metropoliss, they have created a job in planning. Traditional planning methods have non solved the jobs and so thoughts are at present developing about metropolis planning which are based on different attack. The common subject of new thoughts is that future metropolis planning should be linked to the impression of developing a more sustainable manner of life ( EC, 1990 ) .

There is a demand for the site planning and design procedure to be to the full understood, as that is one, which is based on understanding the user ‘s demands. The design procedure first identifies the indispensable constituents of the design by analysing the Town Planners ‘ and Clients ‘ Jockey shortss. It is from this that a list of the user demands in relation to the specific design job is developed. These demands are so studied to find the qualities that the environment should possess if it is to run into the activity and experiential demands of the user ( Beer, 1991 ) .

It is this perceptual experience of the relationship between people and nature which enables landscape interior decorators to do a unique and critical part to the direction of a healthy human environment through planning, design and environmental undertakings ( Robinson, 1992 ) .

Difference in perceptual experience

There are interrelatednesss between people and their natural environment. The term ‘nature ‘ and ‘landscape ‘ are used as the most of import concepts centered on this construct, and are separate from broader term ‘environment ‘ . It is recognized that both nature and landscape are words in which themselves are highly hard to specify exactly ( Swanwick, 1989 ) .

The relationship between people and natural environment is highly complex and face-value connexion about the impact of nature on psychological well being may be misdirecting and overestimated ( William and Jones, 1990 ) .

Methodology

A random study of the visitants of two Parkss ( Jinnah Garden and Kaleem Shaheed Park ) will be conducted to roll up the information sing survey aims. Interviews will be conducted on structured format. To develop a elaborate image of the topic, inquiries based on the undermentioned parametric quantities will be asked.

Personal information

Reasons to see the garden

Garden characteristics

Visitor ‘s vicinity and the bing status of Parkss in their vicinity

Peoples ‘s sentiments about the park

An interview agenda will be prepared in English but during the study it will be translated into Urdu for the convenience of the people being interviewed.

With the aid of the informations collected, people will be categorized into different age and societal groups. Public sentiments on the grounds for the usage of urban Parkss and on different landscape characteristics will be sorted out and consequences will be analyzed statistically.

To derive entree to different age and societal groups two Parkss with equal features, Jinnah Garden and Kaleem Shaheed Park will be selected. Jinnah Garden is managed by Municipal Corporation, Faisalabad and Kaleem Shaheed Park managed by FDA ( Faisalabad Development Authority ) .

Vicinity and Detailed information on both Parkss is listed as under.

Jinnah Garden

Kaleem Shaheed Park

Serena Road, Faisalabad

Area 53 estates

Commissariats

Walks

Ramble oning Path

Booming Lawns

Lights

Seatings

Car / Motorcycle Parking

Boundary Wall

Bird Cages

Fountains

Children ‘s Play Land

Ghulam Muhammad Abad, Faisalabad

Area 54 estates

Commissariats

Walks

Ramble oning Path

Booming Lawns

Lights

Seatings

Car / Motorcycle Parking

Boundary Wall

Water Fall

LITERATURE CITED

Altman, I. , and E. H. Zube. 1990. Public Places and Spaces, Human Behavior and Environment. Progresss in Theory and Research 10 ( 1 ) :365-366. Cited in Beer, A. R. 1991. Urban Design ; The turning influence of environmental psychological science. J. Environmental Psychology 11:359-371.

Beer, A. R. 1991. Urban Design ; The turning influence of environmental psychological science. J. Environmental Psychology 11:359-371.

Bittenbender, H. C. 1985. Home horticulture in less developed states. HortScience 20 ( 4 ) : 645-648.

Box, J. , and C. Harrison. 1994. Natural infinites in urban topographic points. Urban Nature Magazine 2 ( 1 ) : 18-19.

Cox, J. 1971. The green ways of Stuttgart. Report of a visit ILA Library. 11-15.

EC 1990. The green paper on the urban environment. Bruxelless: Commission of the European Communities.

Grossmann, R. S. 1979. Horticultural therapy plans in Britain and the United States. Hortscience 14 ( 6 ) : 690-694.

Jelinkova, M. 1985. Acta Pruhoniciana. No.50, 173-202. Vyzkumny a Slechtitelsky Ustav Okrasneho Zahradnictvi, Pruhonive, Czechoslovakia. Hort. Absts. 55 ( 12 ) : 9626.

Kaplan R. 1973. Some psychological benefits of horticulture. Environment and Behavior 5 ( 2 ) : 145-161.

Kaplan R. 1983. Person-Environment compatibility. Environment and Behavior 15 ( 3 ) : 311-332.

Kaplan, R. , and S. Kaplan 1989. The experience of nature: a psychological position. Cambridge University Press, New York.,162-164.

Lewis, C.A. 1976. People/plant interaction: Human positions in gardening. Hortscience 11 ( 1 ) : 4-5.

Odom, R. E. 1973. Horticultural therapy: a new instruction plan. Hortscience 8 ( 6 ) : 458-459.

Robinson, N. 1992. Mending with nature. Landscape Design, June 1992. 29-31.

Swanwick, C. 1989. Peoples, nature and landscape: a research reappraisal. Landscape Research 14 ( 3 ) : 3-7.

Tereshkovich, G. 1973. Horticultural therapy: a reappraisal. Hortscience 8 ( 6 ) : 460-461.

Wadleigh, C. H. 1971. Horticulturists are conservationists. Hortscience 6 ( 6 ) : 524-525.

William LI. , and P. Jones. 1990. Natural landscape, psychological wellbeing and mental wellness. Landscape Research 15 ( 2 ) : 7-11.