The City of London Essay

London is the capital metropolis of United land and it is considered as the main metropolis of British Commonwealth. It is considered one of the greatest and oldest centres of finance. industry and civilization in the universe. The metropolis is besides one of the largest in the universe ( How material works. par 1 ) . It is fixing to host 2016 World Cup and for that affair. it is important to cognize what is behind the brilliant metropolis of London. This essay seeks to research on facets that characterize the metropolis right from its geographics. history. civilization and political legal power. London is located at latitude 51. 30’ north and longitude 0. 70 West.

It is situated in Lambeth ; south East of England in United Kingdom ( Maplandia. par 1 ) . The metropolis is 2. 6 square kilometres ( Easy expert. par 2 ) . It besides lies on the Thames river about 40 stat mis from the North Sea ( How stuff works. par 2 ) . Roughly. the river divides the metropolis into two equal parts and it is on two hills on the bank North of Thames ( How stuff works. par 2-3 ) . The river’s embankments are in cardinal London. Along the great crook of the river. is the Victoria embankment. Other embankments include the Albert and Chelsea which are farther upstream.

This river is characterized by great Bridgess for illustration. Tower. London. Westminster and waterloo Bridgess ( How stuff works 1. par 7 ) . Geographic Features London has so many natural countries throughout the metropolis. For illustration Meadows such as Kellaly ; woods such as Meadow lily forests and Medway valley heritage wood ; Wetlands like Westminster pools among others. Furthermore. it besides harbors 22 kilometres paved waies for motorcycles along the Thames River ( Tourism London All. par 1 ) . Political legal power The corporation of London is the 1 that administers the metropolis headed by the Lord Mayor.

The Greater London has 33 boroughs with the inner one holding 14 and the outer London holding 19 boroughs. The greater London has an elected city manager with an assembly and it is besides the administrative entity in England ( Britannica Encyclopedia. par 2 ) . The metropolis is governed following feudal system of authorities. The organic structure that is involved with determination devising is the tribunal of common council which has 100 members who are elected straight from 25 wards in the metropolis. This council meets every four hebdomads but commissions meet more on a regular basis.

They have commissions concerned with finance. instruction. policy and resources. planning and transit. Some commissions have members who have no vote rights in the corporation and are members because of their specialist expertness. The overall leader is the historic Lord city manager but the policy and resources committee’s president represents the organic structure to the media ( Stevens. par 6-7 ) . The representatives of the boroughs form the assembly of the great London which boasts of its ain fundamental law ( Easy expert. par. 2 ) . For one to be eligible for elections. he or she must be a free adult male in the metropolis.

Elections are non based on political parties. There is besides the tribunal of Aldermen where each ward elects one Alderman adding up to 25 Aldermans. The office of the Aldermen has diminished significance and today. they merely discharge judicial map as magistrates and are besides allowed to sit in the tribunal of common council’s commissions with no allowances ( Stevens. par 10 ) . Beginnings of This Great City The beginning of London can be dated back to 43 AD. Before Romans invaded the land. no lasting colony existed but merely River Thames fluxing surrounded by little islands of crushed rock and sand.

When comparing the population of mosquitoes and people. the former were many ( Britain express. par 1 ) . London has been inhabited for more than 5000 old ages but it was merely characterized by fens and woods alternatively of a metropolis. The metropolis itself was started by Romans about 2000 yeas ago but originally. they called it Londinium. During the invasion. they landed in Kent and passed through River Thames sailing upwards. They knew the strategic importance of the river in commanding the crossing point at the river.

So. they built on the north bank. a colony. They carefully chose two musca volitanss in two hills. which were little and where the river was contracting. and built a span. This is the London Bridge that is known today. They brought up edifices. a port and streets and they named the colony Londinium which became the capital metropolis of the Roman Britain ( Barrow. par 2-3 ) . The original London could merely last for several old ages. little more than 10. and the ships could make there doing the metropolis to go a trading centre ( museum of London. par 4-5 ) .

The span was really important as it was the centre for the route webs that sprung up from the traversing topographic point. and therefore it allowed the motion of the military personnels to be fast ( Britain Express. par 4 ) . The metropolis subsequently grew into a great trading centre and by the 2nd century AD. in the center. the metropolis had the largest town hall. a temple. and a governor’s castle among others. The Romans built a wall about 200 AD. environing the metropolis and this defined the form and size of London over a millenary. The country which was surrounded by the wall. is the 1 that is called ‘The city” ( Britain Express. par 7-9 ) . Urban And Street Patterns

Prior to World War 2. London was characterized by really few edifices which were more that 6 narratives high but today. the edifices with 20 narratives and above can be found. for illustration. the towers of Barbican are 40 narratives and supra. The tower of Canary Wharf lifting 80 narratives and an office edifice. E of cardinal London in the dockyards is the longest construction in Britain lifting 800 pess high. The square of Trafalgar is in the West of the metropolis. near the Thames River. Two big fountains can be found in the square and Admiral Lord Nelson’s statue ; this square has been used largely for jubilations in the metropolis ( How stuff works 1. par 7-9 ) .

The London streets follow decompression sicknesss and turns of the river and the Roman walls which have long disappeared. The current through ways came originally from the small town lanes that existed there before. Strangers get confused most of the clip because. these streets may hold their names put in different topographic points. One name may be found on one side of a street inter-section or a square and the other one will be found on other side. Contrary to streets in America. London roads have no enumeration system which is logical and this makes it hard to voyage through the streets.

To larn the paths will take sometime ( Geographers A-Z Map Company. par 1 ) . When it comes to transit system. it chiefly consists of coach lines. surface and belowground railroads. The chief railroad Stationss include: Charing Cross. Waterloo. Paddington and Victoria lines. Two fifths of the city’s railroad system covering 250 stat mis. is made up of London metros. The belowground system is made of brick tunnels below the surface. The First line was made in the twelvemonth 1863 but subsequently. so many of them developed. built in deep tunnels lined with metals which are frequently called tubings.

London self-praises of three international airdromes and these include: Heathrow and Gatwick which is next to the chief railroad line from London to Brighton. The 3rd one is Stansted which is in the north E of the metropolis ( How stuff works. par 1-3 ) . The London’s tower is a composite of edifices sitting on an 18-acre land. The walls and the evidences are on the Thames River. east side of the metropolis. Largely. the crown gems are normally on show here. Yeomans warders in uniforms dating back to 16th century are normally used to steer visitants around the composite.

Following to it is the sign of the zodiac house which has been in being since the sixteenth century and this is the topographic point where the Lord Mayor of the metropolis resides. North of this house stands Guildhall which was put up in the fifteenth century ( How stuff works 5 ) . South west London. rises a cathedral called St. Paul’s which was designed by Sir Christopher Wren. This church is among the largest in the universe. The duke of Wellington and Lord Nelson are buried at that place. On the west side of the cathedral. there is a street called Fleet Street which was one time. the centre of newspaper publication in Britain ( How stuff works 4. par 2-5 ) .

Merely following to it is the knights’ templar medieval central office which besides harbors the courts’ hostel. jurisprudence schools and legal associations. The Fleet Street merges organizing a strand which leads to the West and Westminster. Buckingham castle is situated in this topographic point and it hosts the London crowned head. Westminster Abbey is besides found at that place and this is where the sovereign are crowned. 8 estates of land around this topographic point is covered with the parliament edifice and one thing that distinguishes it from other edifices it is its celebrated clock tower. the clock holding a bell called “the Big Ben” .

The Lambeth topographic point is merely across Thames from the parliament and this is where the Arch bishop of Canterbury resides ( How stuff works 4. par 2-5 ) . White Wall is found between the parliament and the square of Trafalgar. White Wall is a street which is bordered by authorities edifices. Another 1 is called Number 10 Downing Street found in the West of the White Wall and it is the premier minister’s place. The territory of West terminal theater is besides found at that place between Piccadilly Circus and Trafalgar square and it is London’s universe renowned theaters territory which harbors more than a 100 theaters.

Soho is besides found in the North and it is known for its celebrated foreign eating houses and amusement sites. Mayfair is found in the West characterized by residential countries. hotels. section shops and embassies. which include the US embassy that is found on the Grosvenor square ( How stuff works. 5 ) . West terminal hosts London largest Parkss. Regents Park can be sighted at that place and it is on 472 estates of land. It has a lake. unfastened air theater. a rose garden and the London menagerie. Another park. Hyde Park is besides found at that place. It sits on a piece of land of 360 estates which includes a lake called Serpentine.

Marble Arch and bridle way which is called Rotten Row. The speakers’ corner is besides found at that place. Kensington gardens with 275 estates of land adjoin Hyde Park on the West and this is where Kensington castle can be sighted which besides hosts the Albert commemoration and Peter pan’s statue. Short distance towards West of cardinal London. botanic gardens of the royalty can besides be found particularly in Kew ( How stuff works 5 ) . Major Buildings And Landmarks In London The first major edifice in metropolis is the tower of London. a outstanding edifice for over 900 old ages and pulling tourers from all over the Earth.

The tower serves the royalties as a castle and a fortress. Ironically. it is besides a topographic point where executings take topographic point and jailing of jurisprudence defaulters. Royal batch. arsenal. menagerie and gem house are besides found here ( Barrow. par 1 ) . One of the oldest edifices and the most of import centres for faith is the Westminster Abbey. This castle has been used to burry so many Queenss and male monarchs and there memorialization ceremonials are normally done at that place. It was founded by Edward the confessor who was subsequently made a saint. Parliament houses are besides found in the castle of Westminster.

Buckingham castle has 600 suites and it is surrounded by a 40-acre garden with 40. 000 tulips ( Barrow. par 6-10 ) . The Canary Wharf is the tallest edifice and it is portion of the dock lands in London. The Canary is estimated to be 244 metres high and unstained steel has been used o screen it. Another major edifice is St Paul Cathedral which was built 604 AD but it was later re-built twice after being burned down twice. The current 1 was built in 1675 and 1711. The other memorial is the O2 millenary dome which is the largest 1 in the universe covering 180 estates with 320m diameter and the tallness of 50 m.

It besides has support towers of about 100 m high. It was built to mark the new millenary and it sits on the Greenwich acme. longitude 0 grades. Another one is the London oculus. It is one of the London’s modern landmarks. made up of the biggest ferries wheel in the universe and it can transport riders of approximately 800 in figure at a clip. Its highest point is about 450 pess and it provides a position that goes screens 25 stat mis ( Barrow. par 10-18 ) . In add-on. 30 St Mary Axe was opened in 2004 and it was known as Gherkin because of its egg-shaped form.

It is really seeable particularly when going from different topographic points into London. The exterior of the edifice is made of 24. 000 thousand square glass whish has been arranged in window glasss that are diamond shaped. Other memorials include the memorial of Trafalgar square which was put up in memorialization of the great fire of London which happened in 1666 ; the tower is 62 metres high. It is merely following to Pudding lane where the fire began in the bakers shop. It is besides characterized by 311 stepss to the top and one can utilize it to see London ( Barrow. par 18-24 ) .

Other edifices include: One Canada square. Tower 42. Millban tower. St. Paul’s cathedral. Tate modern. St. Pancras Chamberss. Royal tribunals of justness. St. Brides church. BT tower. Wembley bowl. Centre point. the Lloyd’s edifice. Westminster cathedral. the Ark and Christ Church Spitalfields ( Emporis Corporation. par 1 ) . London Industries London’s industries form the important portion of the economic system. The industries come in signifier of fabrication. aircraft. ship edifice. and nutrient processing including the chemical industries. offering employment to so many people.

These industries comprise of both little and big graduated table industries and largely. different concern communities are involved in hiking the growing of these industries though the fabricating one is the largest sector of London’s economic system ( Maps of universe. par. 1-2 ) . Of all the labourers in London. 16 % are found in the fabrication industry. The taking industries in London include: chemical. electronics. overseas telegram industry. nutrient processing. vehicle industry. and ship and aircraft edifice. The names associated with aircraft industry include Sopwith Aviation Company. Fairey air power. Handley Page. Green Engine Co.

and Lucas Rotax among others ( Maps of World. par 3-4 ) . Vehicle industry is one of the most accepted industries in London and it is associated with companies such as Ford of Britain. Dagenham. Park ward. Power Drives among others. Those companies that deal with overseas telegram fabricating include: British Insulated Callender’s overseas telegrams. Siemens. North and Woolwich among others. Food processing is associated with companies such as Pura Foods. Park Royal. The Smith’s Snack Food company and the list is eternal ( Maps of World. par. 4-7 ) . When it comes to transport edifice. the companies include ; Woolwich Dock Yard. Samuda Brothers. Scott Russell and so on.

Companies associated with chemical fabrication are ; Hackney Wick. Liford exposure. Sir William Henry Parking etc. Last. is the electronics industry which is associated with companies such as Ferguson Electronics Racal. Plessey. Bush Radio and so on ( Maps of World. par. 7-10 ) . These companies vary in the figure of the workers employed by each. This is given below in per centums: Fabrication 16. 2 % . trade 14. 7 % . educational services 9. 7 % . wellness attention and societal aid 13. 5 % . Adjustment and nutrient services 5. 8 % . finance and insurance. existent estate and renting 7. 3 % . agribusiness 1.

8 % . conveyance and ware lodging 3. 8 % . Public disposal 3. 0 % . building 4. 7 % . concern constructing 4. 8 % . information. civilization and diversion 4. 2 % and in conclusion. professional. scientific and proficient services 5. 7 % . Other industries which are non included sum to 4. 0 % . All these companies are under the disposal of London chamber of commercialism and industries ( Maps of World. par. 12 ) . Tourism sector The Londoners benefit largely from touristry particularly in respects to economic system and societal facets. It boosts employment rates bring forthing immense income. The concerns have besides benefited so much.

10 % gross value in London is from the sector and it besides employs 13 % of all the workers in London. The metropolis has a record of acquiring tourers from other parts of the universe more than New York. Las Vegas and Sydney. It besides attracts these tourers more than any European province ( Government Office for London. par 3. 4 ) . Tourism sector generates 2 billion lbs annually in West London ; 14. 7 million tourers who make day-to-day trips to the same part and 5. 4 million tourers visit attractive force sites in East London annually ( London’s Councils. par 1 ) . Cultural geographical facets of London

London is a diverse cultural Centre and an international 1 for that affair. It harbors so many museums. theaters and art galleries. film which offer amusement of first category degree to 300 nationalities and supra. The architecture of this metropolis offers the diverseness and the historical edifices. Six of London cultural landmarks include: the tower of London. St. Margaret church. Palace of Westminster and the Westminster Abbey and last but non list. the Maritime Greenwich ( Europe Cities. par 1-2 ) . When it comes to linguistic communication. London is considered a multi linguistic metropolis.

It has 300 different linguistic communications within its boundaries which are frequently spoken. The metropolis has proven that. compared to Europe and New York. it is the most widely distributed metropolis with its internationalism ( Buncombe and Mac Arthur. par 2 ) . The most common linguistic communications spoken are: English. Bengali. Panjabi. Gujerati. Hindu. Turkish. Arabic. Yorubu. Somali. Cantonese. Greek. Portuguese. French. Spanish. Italian. Vietnamese and the list is eternal ( Woodlands Junior Academy. par 1 ) . London is characterized by so many events and jubilations each twelvemonth. Carnaval del Pueblo is a Latin American festival which is normally the largest in UK.

It is normally held in August. The other one is City of London festival normally held in June and July and it involves jubilation of Music. movie. architecture and art. Another one is the London Art carnival which is normally held every twelvemonth in the month of January ( First for London. par. 1-3 ) . London boat show is besides a major event every January. Others include London Marathon. parade. Godheads mayor’s show. Notting hill Carnival. Rise festival. South West Fest. Spitafields Festival. St. Patrick’s Day. Streatham festival. The Great River Race. and the Mayor’s Thames festival ( First for London. par. 4-16 ) .

In London. the largest spiritual group is Christianity harmonizing to the nose count that took topographic point in the twelvemonth 2001. This group consists of 58. 2 % of all the faiths in London. The metropolis is characterized by three Anglican churches which are: St. Paul’s and Southward cathedrals and besides Westminster Abbey which normally hosts the crowning of the male monarch and queen of England ( Barrow. par 1 ) . The population of the Jews is concentrated in the metropolis of approximately 56 % of all the Jews in Great Britain. 52 % of all Hindus in Great Britain are found in London and they have built brilliant topographic points of worship which include temples.

38 % of all Great Britain’s Muslims besides live in London from Bangladesh and Pakistan. 31 % of Sikhs and 36 % Buddhists that are found in state reside in London ( Barrow. par 4-7 ) . In decision. the factor that makes the metropolis unique is its fantastic architecture which has a historical background. Not so many citations in the universe are rich in history and civilization as compared to London. Almost all the memorials and edifices have some history behind them and this makes them to be universe hoarded wealths. More to that. these landmarks have a quality touch on them in that. they are alone in their ain manner.

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