The chief jobs refering guiding will be illustrated as a chief issue in this paper. As demand for professional usher is one of the critical jobs that our state is confronting presents.
In this paper attending will be given to the jobs and writer will deeply concentrate on the giving solutions refering to the jobs. With the aid of good trained ushers Baku can entice more tourers and increase the development degree of the touristry industry of Azerbaijan.
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Statistical study about ushers runing in Baku will be another information that will be used in this paper. In add-on to happen out some similarities and differences, a proper comparing will be made between developed states such as Turkey. The degree of guiding will be compared in relation to Azerbaijan.
At the terminal of the paper writer will seek give some solutions refering to the job resolution. Further recommendations will be assisted in the manner of job resolution.
Steering is being listed among the oldest human activities. Nowadays, the significance of guiding and its verve besides has to be mentioned. Therefore touristry developed and developing states focus on this sphere deeply.
Baku can entice more tourers with the aid of good trained ushers. If ushers are competent while interfacing with tourers they can render the appeal of our state and pull the attending of tourers going here. Azerbaijan is represented by a legion historical and cultural besides natural memorials. But on the other manus it is up to the capableness of ushers to demo and stand for those heritages in a professional manner. From this point of position this subject is really important to be investigated.
Therefore, the purpose of the research is to look into the jobs that Azerbaijan is confronting today refering to this issue.
Contribution to the Body of Knowledge
Very few probes made so far in relation steering jobs in Azerbaijan. Merely theoretical probes are available refering to the guiding. Therefore theoretical portion of the paper will be based on the peculiar researches made by different bookmans. This paper can be adopted every bit a as a part of the organic structure of cognition as it aims by and large introduce a job of steering in Azerbaijan.
State of the Art
However, few surveies done on steering jobs in Azerbaijan, there are sufficient literature available based on steering pattern of different states.
The theoretical issues besides investigated profoundly by different bookmans such as A. Geva and A. Goldman, H.Q. Zhang and so on. Especially E. Cohen, K.L. Pond, J.C. Chang and E. M. Lopez made deep analyses on the guiding issue.
Refering steering issues WFTGA has published several magazines clear uping the chief definitions of steering. In add-on, steering manual, steering codification and chief encountered jobs are involved in the articles published in those magazines.
Research Questions
Some research inquiries were formulated for look intoing chief jobs refering steering in Azerbaijan. Thesis was developed on the footing of chief statement and extra statements:
General Statement ( Main Statement )
Extra Statement
Chief statement:
Why professional ushers are needed in Baku?
Extra Statements:
What are the chief jobs refering steering in Baku?
Which solutions can be provided?
How can professional ushers be prepared?
What are the chances of steering in Baku?
Methodology
For the theoretical portion of the thesis literature hunt was imposed as a theoretical account of probe. For supplying definitions of guiding and happening out chief accomplishments of ushers in-depth literature reappraisal was applied.
No probes made for happening out chief jobs refering steering in Azerbaijan. Therefore writer will establish on empirical research type. As spring and winter are low seasons from touristry point of position, questionnaire will non be conducted as a qualitative research. Qualitative empirical research will be applied in this paper in order to clear up the chief statements of the thesis.
Chapter lineation
In the debut, theoretical portion of guiding is presented on the footing of relevant probes done by several bookmans.
The undermentioned chapter gives an overview about the historical background and current state of affairs refering steering in Azerbaijan. Following chapter depicts occurred jobs related to this domain.
From the analyze point of position, paper will clear up jobs and peculiar solutions that has to be provided for the development of steering in Azerbaijan.
At the terminal of the thesis several recommendations will be provided for the job resolution intents.
Definitions
This chapter gives an overview about several definitions of steering. This chapter depicts the historical background of jaunts and steering. In add-on ushers function and chief guiding accomplishments are besides illustrated due to several probes made so far on this domain.
History of Steering
Steering is classified as one of the ancient human activities. From the historical point of position, guiding has been started about two and half millenary ago. After happening of Mass Tourism this tenancy besides developed and go important. While measuring its influence on touristry industry, its large volume of affect and impact has to be emphasized. That is the chief ground why touristry developed and developing states take into consideration this factor and well concentrate on this issue.
The construct of travel, as known today, was born out of the period of the great imperiums bing from 3000 RC to 500 A.D. ( Pond 1993 ) .
From historical point of position, it is known that antediluvian Assyrians, Persians and Egyptians travelled a batch. After the increasing volume of touristry, it affected other states noticeable. As touristry developed, demand for ushers besides increased at the same time.
In puting Forth to see a site, the visitant ‘s first job was the same that so frequently confronts his opposite numbers today- to run the gantlet of local ushers lying in delay for him, the ‘leaders around ‘ ( periegetai ) or ‘explainers ‘ ( exegetai ) , as ushers were besides called in Greek ( Casson,1974 )
From the above statements it is clear that the apprehension of usher was really of import in different ancient states. That is the 1 of the chief testimonies demoing the old historical background of steering. Historians claim that the usher profession was one of the chief and indispensable businesss.
“ A tourer was helpless without a usher ” ( Casson, 1974 ) .
Definition of a circuit usher
Tourist Guide is a individual who guides visitants in the linguistic communication of their pick and interprets the cultural and natural heritage of an country which individual usually possesses an area-specific making normally issued and/or recognized by the appropriate authorization. ( Adopted by WFTGA at Scotland Convention 2003 / EN 13809 of CEN )
A circuit usher is person who shows visitants around an country, with the usher utilizing extended local cognition to portion the country with visitants. ( Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-different-tour-guide-jobs.htm ) .
Ushers are representatives of the finish ( part, state or metropolis ) who help tourers to understand the importance of the local civilization of given state by reading, interlingual rendition and mediation. Their peculiar function of advancing cultural heritage ensures sustainability by the interpreting civilization and heritage with its importance and exposure.
Tourist ushers show and interpret local cultural heritage, living civilization and cultural individuality of a finish and hence represent cultural go-betweens, of whom a client expects to demo esthesia towards their ain civilization every bit good as the invitee ‘s ( X. Yu 2001 ) .
There are sometimes misunderstood footings refering guiding. The definition of a circuit usher has to be differentiated from Tour Manager/Tour Director or Escort.
Tour directors may or may non be tourist ushers as good. They are non trained or licensed to work in specific countries unless they have the proper demands or legal right, depending on the part. ( Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //wftga.org/page.asp? id=15 )
Tour Manager/Tour Director or Escort is a individual who manages an itinerary on behalf of the circuit operator guaranting the programme is carried out as described in the circuit operator ‘s literature and sold to the traveller/consumer and who gives local practical information. ( Adopted by WFTGA at Scotland Convention in 2003/ EN 13809 of CEN )
Term
Definition
Tourist Guide
A individual who delivers information, heightening the grasp and apprehension of a visitant
Tourist Translator/Interpreter
A individual who renders information into the linguistic communication of the visitant ‘s pick
Locally Qualified Guide
A individual whose ability to move as a tourer usher has been endorsed by a competent organic structure. This indorsement is normally specific to a state, part or town
Site-specific Guide
A tourer usher whose map is sole to ( and who is normally employed by ) a peculiar museum, memorial, or attractive force. He/she normally conducts Tourss around a museum, memorial, or attractive force that is closed to the public unless visited on such a circuit
Electronic Guide
A personal device presenting recorded information to single tourers or visitants
Taped Steering
The playing of information from tape or similar device of involvement to tourers, normally on board a manager, boat, or train
Guide Lecturer
A individual who delivers elaborate information on a particular specialised capable to a group of tourers. There is sometimes confusion between the “ Master Guide ” appellation and the “ Certified Master Guide ” appellation as used in the USA
Master Guide
A service award
Certified Master Guide
Recognition of advanced preparation and educationSorts of Guides
In September 2001 IATM ( International Association of Tour Managers ) adopted new guideline definitions for the travel industry in order to clear up confounding usage of interchangeable footings. ( Magazine Guidelines Internetion @ L – Issue 6, 2002, p/10 )
Figure1. New footings and definitions adopted by IATM
Beginning: Magazine Guidelines Internetion @ L – The Internet Magazine of WFTGA Issue 6, summer 2002, p/10
Kinds of Tour Guides
On-site Guides- The individual who takes circuit of the sight is called an on-site usher. This usher conducts the circuit of a specific edifice or a limited country. These Tourss can be taken by ropewaies or walking. Another type of on-site usher working free of charge or volunteering may be called a docent.
City Guides- For pleasance and find a traveler can take a circuit of the metropolis by motor manager, new wave, cab or hop-on, hop-off coach, or as portion of a walk-to circuit. The individual who points out and remarks on the high spots of the metropolis is called a metropolis usher. Another type of metropolis usher is the personal or private usher
Specialized Guides- This class of usher has peculiar accomplishments that are extremely alone to fit the client ‘s demands. These ushers may carry on motorcycle Tourss, white H2O rafting trips, boosting expeditions or on Tourss that are more physically demanding and unusual.
Step-on Guides- This sort of usher is a free-lanced usher. They are considered specializers who come on-board a motor manager or new wave to give informed. This would normally be for tour groups that are taking in more than one province or state during the trip.
Shore jaunts Guides, Land operators or Receptive Operators- Guides that work for cruise ships can be classified as sail ship tour ushers or shore jaunt ushers. Ushers that work for tour companies or land operators may be called land operators or receptive operators. These ushers meet their clients and behavior Tourss for the assorted groups.
Cruise ship Tour Guides- Talk of sail ships bring to mind non merely a flourishing adjustment type chapeau is non land-based, but an across-the-board type of adjustment. Due to the good wages earned from working on these vass, many people are interested in acquiring employment on them.
Beginning: Commonwealth of Learning ( COL ) , the Virtual University for Small States of the Commonwealth/ “ Tour Guiding ” , p/228-230
2.5 The Role of the Tour Guide
The function of the circuit guiding is really of import from the point of doing jaunts knowledge based and environmentally, socially, historically sophisticated. There are many researches made so far on the disclosure chief function of the tourer ushers. Some of the chief statements and citations are given below to bespeak those chief functions.
The circuit usher was the individual most of import factor in tour satisfaction. ( Geva and Goldman, 1991:180 )
A usher promotes satisfaction by promoting societal interaction, which harmonizing to her respondents was the most of import function of the circuit usher. ( Quiroga ‘s, 1990:199-200 )
The circuit usher plays an of import function in easing a bond between their clients and the topographic points they lead them to, and making it in such a manner that it nurtures respect and caring about those topographic points. ( Ham and Krumpe, 1996 )
Above given statements testimony the satisfaction point of Tourss while measuring ushers function. Guides of import functions such as mediating and interpretation are being emphasized by the bookmans look intoing this domain. There are several probes that show even 16 different functions of circuit ushers. This is the chief point for uncovering importance and significance of guiding.
The function of tourer ushers is complex and it consists of legion “ sub-roles ” . ( Holloway, 1981:385-386 )
Within the context of transverse cultural scenes, many tourers still need a usher ; as such visitants often break societal regulations and intrude upon the hosts ‘ privateness. ( Pearce, 1984 )
Tour ushers are the indispensable interface between the host finish and its visitants ” . ( Zhang and Chow, 2004:83 )
The undermentioned statements stress ushers function more clearly, and pull attending to the importance of ushers.
Tour ushers are the cardinal front-line participants in the touristry industry ” , who are mostly responsible for the clients ‘ satisfaction with the services of a tourer finish ( Ap ; Wong, 2001:551 )
The chief undertaking of a usher is to do the tourers ‘ experience most gratifying supplying the information in an interesting and culturally-sensitive manner. ( Boyle and Arnott, 2004:75 )
The function of the usher so in a post-modern context is to convey something excess, something that the visitants can non acquire through any other media and to widen the traditional scouts purpose of supplying, ‘access to an otherwise non-public terrain ‘ to the encompass the rational terrain locked and otherwise unaccessible. ( McGrath, 2003:16 )
Fifure4. The function of the tourer guiding
Beginning: ( Tourist Guides in Contemporary Tourism/ International conference on touristry and environment Sarajevo, March, 4 – 5, 2010 )
It is clear from the chart that, reading and mediation are the indispensable constructs of steering. While analysing the significance of steering one can easy detect these two apprehensions illustrated as chief functions, abilities and characteristics of ushers. Cohen ‘s statement wholly defends these two attributed phenomena seting merely two extra constructs. Cohen classifies four of import functions of tour ushers:
1. The Instrumental Function: concentrating on way giving, pilotage, entree to the district and safety ;
2. The Interactional Function: concentrating on representation of the country to the followings in a non-threatening mode and organisation ;
3. The Social Role: concentrating on tenseness direction, societal integrating and coherence and utilizing temper and amusement to keep and construct group morale ;
4. The Communicative Function: concentrating on choosing points of involvement for the group, airing of right information and the interlingual rendition of the unfamiliar
Beginning: Cohen. E. 1985, “ The Tourist Guide, the Origins, Structure and Dynamics of a Role ” , Annals of Tourism Research, 12, 5-29
2.6 Drumhead
In this chapter the history of guiding was explained. The other issue that involved are the assorted definitions illustrated by different bookmans. Different sorts of ushers besides were researched in this chapter. In add-on, different functions of ushers were indicated by comparing of assorted bookmans ‘ statements.
3. ANALYZING OF GUIDING IN AZERBAIJAN
This chapter gives an overview about the state of affairs refering steering in Azerbaijan. History and current state of affairs related steering issues will be mentioned due to several probes taken by the writer. This chapter will set visible radiation on the chief jobs related steering in Azerbaijan. This characteristic will ease to happen out indispensable obstructions encountered in this domain.
3.1 History of steering in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan is among the ancient states salvaging its old history and diverse civilization for ages.
History of Baku traces its roots back to the antiquity, though exact day of the month of its constitution is non known up to show. District of Absheron peninsula has really favorable geographic location, beautiful bay, warm prohibitionist clime, fruitful dirt, natural resources, so the visual aspect of the ancient colonies here is rather apprehensible. ( Brochure Azerbaijan, 2009, p/27 )
Historical and architectural memorials showing the attractive historical background of Baku are the important elements for tourer attractive force.
The whole multilateral history of Azerbaijan and assorted external impacts of are reflected in the rich architectural heritage of the state. ( Brochure Azerbaijan, 2009, p/12 )
From the above mentioned facts it has to be emphasized that old history and ancient heritage of Baku enticement bulk of tourers every twelvemonth. That is the ineluctable world that each state present its heritage with the jaunts held in those topographic points. Ushers are the chief translators of the history and the civilization of the given state as they play noteworthy important function while helping tourers to uncover the sacred beauties and history of the finish.
Tour ushers are hired to assist people voyage unfamiliar countries, and to do trips particular, as a good circuit usher sets a positive tone for a trip and shows people things they would non hold discovered otherwise. ( Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-different-tour-guide-jobs.htm ) .
Azerbaijan was under the business of the USSR boulder clay 1991. Therefore the history of touristry and guiding has to be investigated in relation to the Soviet beginnings.
“ The two major organisations for Soviet touristry – the Society for Proletarian Tourism and the joint-stock society Soviet Tourist merged in 1930 under the name of the All-Union Society of Proletarian Tourism and Excursions ( OPTE ) under the way of N. V. Krylenko.
To assistance in the care of foreign Tourss and international travel to the Soviet Union, on April 12, 1929, the Council for the Labour and Defence of the USSR adopted the decree “ On the organisation of the All-Union Joint-Stock Company for Foreign Tourism in the USSR. ” In other definition, it was known as Intourist.
Intourist ‘s operations raise legion inquiries about the significance of leisure and privilege in a socialist society. Its advertizements and exhibit stuffs throughout the Soviet period spur consideration of the assorted messages the province promoted about itself to the outside universe. Its list of paths covered 150 metropoliss of the Union democracies. ” ( Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.answers.com/topic/tourism )
Article represents the initial formation of touristry inside USSR. Azerbaijan being under the business of this establishment passed from all the stairss that USSR applied. Inturists were opened in several parts of Azerbaijan as good. First ushers were pioneers-pupils and pupils for stand foring the civilization and history of their state. The format of jaunts was designed in a fixed criterion. The indispensable aim was formulated in the footing of reading of old heritage, Soviet history and V. Lelin ‘s life. That was the indispensable influential factor on the development of steering sphere in Azerbaijan. Unfortunately, USSR political orientation strongly affected steering sphere every bit good. Priority facet of proletarian touristry was development of socialism inside the Soviet states.
In malice of these impacts, Azerbaijan remained its ancient history and civilization and gained noteworthy pattern in this domain.
3.2 Need for professional ushers in Azerbaijan
While look intoing the chief grounds of taking guided jaunts and tours the writer revealed that it is depending on the finish, cultural and age features of people.
“ Guided bundle Tourss are popular for certain market sections and particularly for tourers who are advanced in age, or deficiency linguistic communication accomplishments, or travel entirely, and for first clip travelers ” ( Mancini, 1996 ) .
In different states there are assorted facets pulling tourers to take guided jaunts and Tourss.
“ For case in Taiwan bulk of travelers taking guided bundle Tourss are female with lower incomes and they are less good educated ” ( Beginning: Lang, O’Leary, & A ; Morrison 1997 )
“ Quiroga ( 1990 ) revealed that tourers from Latin America from age 46 are more likely to take the guided bundle circuit while analyzing the features of bundle Tourss in Europe. “ ( Jui Chi Chang “ Original Scientific Paper ” 2007/ 161-162 )
From above mentioned facts it is clear that guided Tourss are being taken by the peculiar elderly people. On the other manus less educated and cognizant people, particularly people with lack linguistic communication accomplishments take this sort of Tourss.
Another of import ground is the consciousness that tourers are enthusiastic while seeking for new and interesting information.
Tourists are really funny while sing some topographic points. Merely professional and good cognizant ushers can supply them with the needed information while jaunts. As they can give of import and interesting information that they can non happen by themselves.
“ Tour usher ‘s enthusiasm, skilfulness, desire, and willingness to portion information can assist visitants, immature and old, do connexions between their ain lives and valued artifacts, art objects, and history as represented by museum aggregations ” ( Grinder ; McCoy, 1985, cited in: Knudson et al. , 2003:10 ) .
Taking into consideration all above mentioned facts it is clear that guided Tourss and jaunts are one of the chief Tourss being preferred by the travelers. In each state it has its ain features. It depends on the age, gender and penchant of the people.
In Azerbaijan guided bundle Tourss are being implemented by circuit bureaus and jaunts are being provided by the museums and cultural heritage topographic points by the aid of local ushers. Further probes are needed to be taken about the gender and age per centum of tourers taking guided bundle Tourss or guided jaunts in Azerbaijan.
The probe taken by Era selling Centre ( September, 2010 – by the order of Ministry of Tourism and Culture of Azerbaijan ) revealed that last twelvemonth 24.7 % of travelers used jaunts in Azerbaijan. 2.7 % of respondents evaluated jaunt services as bad, 29.7 % as just, 35.1 % as good and 32.4 % as excellent.
Figure2. Evaluation of jaunt services
Bad Fair Good Excellent
Beginning: Era selling Centre ( September, 2010 – by the order of Ministry of Tourism and Culture of Azerbaijan )
Figure3. Evaluation of used services
Beginning: Era selling Centre ( September, 2010 – by the order of Ministry of Tourism and Culture of Azerbaijan )
In this chapter the writer tried to look into the cardinal factors of utilizing jaunts and guided Tourss in Azerbaijan doing proper comparings with the international patterns. The revealed end product of the probe is that, travelers are satisfied with the historical heritage topographic points of Azerbaijan. The unsated per centum claims that the monetary value is really high, and this is the chief factor for their dissatisfaction.
3.3 Situation in Azerbaijan
Till 1991, Azerbaijan was under the business of the USSR. This period of clip affected negatively the development of Azerbaijan Republic. The lost old ages under the encroachers business affected the industry and political relations of our democracy notably. One can easy find the negative impact of USSR period non merely in the industry, but besides in the touristry sector.
After Azerbaijan re-established its independency ( 1991 ) state acquire an chance to set up its industry, particularly its touristry sector. It is critical to concentrate on the development of touristry in Azerbaijan. As it is known, touristry is one of the fastest turning domains, due the immense figure of foreign investings made to the economic system of Azerbaijan. Government representatives besides show the great involvement for the development of Tourism in Azerbaijan. Therefore it contributes more benefit to the budget of state than other sectors after Oil industry.
All the above listed factors are grounds for the development of touristry in Azerbaijan. While qualifying the importance of touristry sphere, other cardinal factors such as professional staff which influences it strongly should be improved.
In order to clear up current state of affairs in Azerbaijan, the writer held several interviews with the representatives of the Ministry of Tourism and Culture and Baku Information Centre. The first information that was provided about current state of affairs of steering in Azerbaijan the no governmental appraisal is adopted for the ordinance of steering. Ushers are being hired by the managers of the memorials and museums. On the other manus, no accreditation is being required while enlisting processs. No standardised categorizations are being implemented while enlisting processs. Ushers are being hired after the interviews held by the managers of the heritage topographic points or museums. Baku Information Centre implements some accreditation processs. Guides go throughing the accreditation process are being licensed by that establishment. Guides run intoing the demands of the guiding are being accredited and provided with the badges. That gives an chance to go a usher and run officially.
To sum up the current state of affairs, it has to be emphasized that, no appraisal is adopted for ordinance this domain and ushers are non being hired harmonizing to the standardised ordinances. It has to be indicated as a chief job meeting related to the guiding issues.
Figure5. Badge sample of commissioned ushers
Beginning: Baku Information Centre
3.4 Main occurring jobs
Government ordinance is non being provided in steering sector, as authorities appraisal has non adopted yet. When clear uping chief jobs related steering issues in Azerbaijan, it is important to concentrate on the root job of this issue.
Finding out indispensable job speed uping other negative happenings will give an chance to analyse current state of affairs related to this issue.
In order to happen out deficits in this domain it will be helpful to obtain some informations about international experience related guiding. Investigations show that bulk of states deeply concentrate on steering issues. Therefore no touristry developed state is found without adopted governmental appraisal for modulating this domain.
Taking into history above mentioned statements, it is obvious that the root job is no ordinance of steering sector by governmental execution.
That is the point why no accreditation processs ( except BTIC ) are being applied while enlisting procedures. Tour ushers are the indispensable interface between the host finish and its visitants ” ( Zhang and Chow, 2004:83 ) . The historical background of each state gives an overview about that finish. Therefore ushers have to be selected carefully for this business exactly.
The linguistic communication accomplishments of ushers are besides being listed as a chief occurring job related to the steering issue. Baku is the 1 of the often visited metropoliss by foreign tourers as a chief touristry attractive force finish. For the communicating with foreign tourers ushers are required with foreign linguistic communication accomplishments. For the proper interface, reading and mediation ushers have to be competent and fluent while utilizing their linguistic communication accomplishments.
English, Russian, Gallic, German and even Arabic linguistic communications are listed among acquired linguistic communication accomplishments of ushers. But this end product related to small per centum of the ushers operating in Baku. Probes indicate that, merely few portion of ushers know foreign languages out of overall per centum.
The other point is that, merely small per centum of ushers is professionals. As those professional ushers are runing from the period of the USSR, the age per centum of ushers runing in this domain is adequate old. Investigations property that, immature ushers are non so qualified harmonizing to the needed accomplishments. No talks or preparation are being implemented to assoil needed making for ushers. The recent measure was carried out by Azerbaijan Tourism Institute ( ATI ) . Training Centre was opened indoors ATI in the model for fixing professional ushers in this domain.
The interview held with the manager of Museum of Art – Israfil Israfilov, show that he is non willing inscribing museum staff in preparations. He claims that, “ I do n’t believe that preparations or talks can be utile for ushers. They have to work in museums for a long clip. That will derive them an chance to get required cognition and making. “ ( Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //az.apa.az/news.php? id=96700 )
Ushers are non enrolled in classs or preparations for obtaining proper and sophisticated cognition refering their business. If there are no such executions, the betterment of this domain will non be accomplishable from the attitude of inadequacies in steering. As, non all the museum managers show willing in the manner of affecting their museum staff in some preparation classs.
Traveling into the deep, it is being clearly understood that the educational background of ushers is one of the critical jobs. As Azerbaijan Tourism Institute was opened in 2006, and Linguistics ( steering and construing ) major was opened in 2007, there are non graduators in this major yet. Taking into history that no other University apply such major, it is being distinguishable that no ushers runing in Baku have instruction degree of steering. That is the 1 of the debatable affairs need to be focused and investigated deeply.
Summarizing up all above mentioned jobs it is revealed that no governmental appraisal is implemented related to steering and this is the root job that affects this sphere negatively. As no ordinances and accreditations are being applied refering guiding, need for professional usher is still firing issue while qualifying the touristry sector of Azerbaijan.
“ Tour ushers are the cardinal front-line participants in the touristry industry ” , ( Ap ; Wong, 2001:551 ) . Steering is one of the chief factors impacting touristry. Therefore much attending has to be given on this issue and its solutions.
ANALYZING THE general statement
The general statement was developed in order to ease analyzing of the job statement. In this chapter several analyze constructs was developed for clear uping the chief statement.
Statistical study about ushers runing in Baku will be used in this paper as a secondary information. In add-on to happen out some similarities and differences, a proper comparing will be made between developed states such as Turkey.
As there was non any sufficient geographic expedition before, more attending will be given to that issue and the account and retrieval of the chief jobs will be obtained by carry oning SWOT analysis. The international criterions and experiences besides will be imposed while showing solutions.
Analyzing of Statistical Reports
Harmonizing to the statistical study taken from BTIC, there are merely eight accredited ushers.
The list of ushers runing in contact with BTIC is given as extension Angstrom at the terminal of the paper. 12 ushers taking an active portion as a usher in touristry sphere in Azerbaijan is provided in the list. The linguistic communication accomplishments, instruction degree and work experience were taken into consideration for analyze. Analyze was taken by the writer with the aid of SPSS inc19 programme.
Education degree
Frequency
Percentage
Valid Percentage
Accumulative Percentage
Valid
1. University
11
91.7
91.7
91.7
2. Secondary school
1
8.3
8.3
100.0
Entire
12
100.0
100.0
Figure demo the educational degree of the ushers. 11 ushers out of 12 are the graduators from University. Merely one of them does n’t hold Bachelor degree instruction.
Major
Frequency
Percentage
Valid Percentage
Accumulative Percentage
Valid
Accounting
1
8.3
8.3
8.3
Ecology
1
8.3
8.3
16.7
Economy
1
8.3
8.3
25.0
Geography
1
8.3
8.3
33.3
History
2
16.7
16.7
50.0
Linguisticss
1
8.3
8.3
58.3
Not available
1
8.3
8.3
66.7
Painting
1
8.3
8.3
75.0
Translation
3
25.0
25.0
100.0
Entire
12
100.0
100.0
Major is another of import factor while analysing the guiding sphere. It has to be emphasized that ushers runing in this sphere are non tourism graduators due to the deficiency of establishments supplying with touristry instruction. Harmonizing to the figure, bulk of ushers are interlingual rendition module graduators. The figure of interlingual rendition graduators is three. In comparing, history module graduators are two in the chart. Harmonizing to the chart, there are adequate different big leagues that are non connected with steering profession. This is one of the chief jobs that Azerbaijan is confronting related guiding issue.
Work experience
Frequency
Percentage
Valid Percentage
Accumulative Percentage
Valid
0. Not available
1
8.3
8.3
8.3
1. A twelvemonth
2
16.7
16.7
25.0
2. more than a twelvemonth
2
16.7
16.7
41.7
3. 5-10 old ages
1
8.3
8.3
50.0
5. 20-30 old ages
1
8.3
8.3
58.3
6. More than 30 old ages
5
41.7
41.7
100.0
Entire
12
100.0
100.0
About 5 ushers out of 12 are experienced more than 30 old ages. The figure of experient ushers a twelvemonth and more than a twelvemonth is the same. It takes about 16.7 % out of entire sum.
The experient ushers are runing from the period of USSR. This is another job that, the age of those ushers is adequate old.
International experience
Frequency
Percentage
Valid Percentage
Accumulative Percentage
Valid
United arab republic
1
8.3
8.3
8.3
Germany
1
8.3
8.3
16.7
Not available
10
83.3
83.3
100.0
Entire
12
100.0
100.0
Merely two ushers out of 12 have international experience. But unluckily, their experience is non related with touristry sphere.
Number of linguistic communications
Frequency
Percentage
Valid Percentage
Accumulative Percentage
Valid
1. Merely one
4
33.3
33.3
33.3
2. At least two
4
33.3
33.3
66.7
3. Three
3
25.0
25.0
91.7
4. More than three
1
8.3
8.3
100.0
Entire
12
100.0
100.0
Tour ushers have to cognize at least one foreign linguistic communication. Harmonizing to the chart, the figure of ushers who know merely one and at least two is the same. Merely one of them knows four linguistic communications. If the figure of linguistic communications is high, it can increase the high degree of satisfaction while interaction with foreign tourers.
Language Skills
Frequency
Percentage
Valid Percentage
Accumulative Percentage
Valid
German
1
8.3
8.3
8.3
Russian
2
16.7
16.7
25.0
Russian and English
1
8.3
8.3
33.3
Russian and Gallic
2
16.7
16.7
50.0
Russian and Turkish
1
8.3
8.3
58.3
Russian, English and German
1
8.3
8.3
66.7
Turkish, Russian and English
1
8.3
8.3
75.0
Turkish, Russian and German
1
8.3
8.3
83.3
Turkish, Russian, German and Arabian
1
8.3
8.3
91.7
Turkish
1
8.3
8.3
100.0
Entire
12
100.0
100.0
Describing the linguistic communication accomplishments, it is being clear that, bulk of ushers know Russian linguistic communication that is the impact of the period of the USSR. Turkish, English, German French and Arabic linguistic communications are besides often being us
Comparing Azerbaijan with Turkey
Azerbaijan was under business of the USSR boulder clay 1991. But Turkey democracy is independent from 1923. That is the first bad impact of the lost old ages under encroachers business.
While comparing Azerbaijan with Turkey Republic, it has to be emphasized that, Turkey is one of the touristry developed states in the universe and lure bulk of tourers every twelvemonth. Turkey besides focuses on the ordinance of this domain as other touristry developed states.
The first difference is the legal ordinance of this domain by the authorities. “ Professional circuit usher ordinance ” is being provided by the Turkey democracy for the legal ordinance of the guiding sphere in Turkey. “ Professional circuit usher ordinance ” is consisted of eight chapters. First chapter depicts the aims. The 2nd chapter regulates the scrutinies for ushers and gap of the usher classs and preparation Centres. The 3rd and 4th chapters give the legal ordinance processs of the classs and related issues. Fifth chapter gives an overview about the needed responsibilities and duties of ushers. Disciplinary processs and legal ordinances related to this issue are provided in the 6th chapter. Seventh chapter is devoted to the legal ordinance of payment processs of ushers. At the last- 8s chapter the assorted ordinances are given refering steering issues.
In order to do a proper comparing the undermentioned article taken from the internet magazine of WFTGA is being provided below:
“ The Turkish Tourist Guides Association ( TUREB ) , a member of WFTGA since 2000, was founded in September 1998 and is the umbrella of professional organic structures from all over the state. When the more than 7000 professional tourer ushers in Turkey faced a hard clip in 1996, the Foundation of Tourist Guides in Turkey ( REVAK ) came into being. It was founded with voluntary contributions and the aid of 106 legal guardians. In 1997, the Guides ‘ Press, Distribution and Promotion Inc. ( REVAS ) were established. It prints 1.5 million books yearly, many of them multilingual, about museums and historical sites, produces keepsakes and other tourism-related points.
The house ‘s chief mark is to patronize the activities organised by the Foundation for the benefit of the professional tourer ushers. The assorted Chambers and Societies of Tourist Guides in Turkey have been in being for different lengths of clip. Istanbul, the oldest, dates back to 1955. ”
Beginning: GUIDELINES INTERNETIO @ L- the Internet Magazine of the World Federation of Tourist Guide Associations, Issue 4, summer 2001 p/4
SWOT analysis
Strength
Failings
Ancient history and touristry chances of the state
Professional ushers runing for a long clip as usher
No governmental appraisal
No rigorous controlling over the domain
No ordinance by the authorities
No preparation chances for ushers
No sufficient literature based on guiding is available
We1, 2 and 3 Opp2
We 4 Opp3 Str2
Opportunity
Menaces
Increasing Tourism Opportunities
Governmental appraisal is being adopted
Training classs are being opened
Tourism Institute prepare graduators refering steering profession
Opp1 Str1
Opp3, 4 Str2
Azerbaijan can lose possible tourers with the deficiency of steering service
Azerbaijan and its history can be misunderstood by the unqualified reading by unprofessional ushers
Solutions
Recommendation 1
There should be greater uniformity in the execution of tourer steering programmes and classs. Factors like the length of the class, class content, practical preparation within the class should go unvarying characteristics contained in all programmes.
Recommendation 2
Tourist ushers should undergo a mandatory re-assessment or re-evaluation to find and guarantee that tourer guiding and touristry industry merchandise cognition remains updated. This may besides take the signifier of a refresher class. Although tourer ushers are lawfully bound to re-register every two old ages, a refresher class should go compulsory as a requirement to obtaining the renewed tourer steering license.
Recommendation 3
The bing monitoring system to turn to illegal tourer steering activity demands to be improved in order to protect the unity of accredited tourer ushers and to guarantee that an acceptable degree of professionalism in the tourer steering sector is maintained.
The Tourism Amendment Act, No. 70 of2000, makes proviso for the execution of a punishment for both the illegal tourer usher and the circuit operator who is guilty of engaging the services of an illegal tourer usher.
Recommendation 4
In order to set up tourer steering as a profession, there should be standardized wage system wage. This will greatly cut down the tourer usher being left to the clemency of illegal ushers who charge much less for their services.
Recommendation 5
The development of a tourer usher mentorship programme needs to be formulated, ideally between established circuit operators and freshly qualified tourer ushers. Such a partnership could lend to the betterment of steering accomplishments, after the freshly qualified usher had been exposed to working closely with an experient usher.
Recommendation 6
In order to guarantee the sustainability of the domestic tourer steering sector, touristry governments should supervise the activities of foreign circuit leaders, who accompany foreign tourers and at the same time move as tourer ushers. This pattern undermines local tourer ushers by cut downing employment chances. It should be legislated that foreign tourer groups are merely allowed to be guided by a locally registered tourer usher, who has the appropriate designation card and badge.
Recommendation 7
The growing of the touristry industry has resulted in the variegation of the overall touristry merchandise, with new touristry merchandises continually being developed. South Africa is going progressively popular as an escapade or activity finish This tendency has accordingly brought about the demand to develop specialized ushers who are able to offer their specialized services to tourers who are specifically interested in adventure touristry, like epinephrine or utmost athleticss, mountain climbing, rappeling, paragliding and many more.
Future Prospect
Drumhead
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Bibliography
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hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-different-tour-guide-jobs.htm
