‘Great’ is a word with many nuances. It’s area and strength camewith firstly conquest – from today’s Libya to Central Asia – andthen establishment of improved security and prosperity within itsboundaries. It was the largest empire to that time, and at itspeak, exercised civilising and improved living standards.
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So it’s ‘greatness’ was relative to what went before and what cameafter. Alexander the Great’s takeover was short-lived and the areafractured to competing Hellenistic Kingdoms which periodicallywaged war on each other, so the pax Persia evaporated, and was notreplaced until Rome’s takeover of the east three centuries laterproduced a comparable ‘pax Romana’.
