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The Three Major Battles of the Second Persian War consisted of, first, Thermopylae. At Thermopylae, three hundred Spartans, and a token number of soldiers from other cities, most notably Thespians and Thebans, held a narrow mountain defile against the bulk of the Persian army for three days until they were betrayed by a fellow Greek and the Persians encircled them, and slaughtered them to the last man. This sacrificial holding action gave the Greek city-states time to muster their militia forces in strength.
Second, came the sea battle at Salamis. The Athenian fleet lured the Persian navy into a trap in the straits, limiting the maneuverability of the Persian’s superior numbers. By destroying the Persian ships, the Greeks were eliminating the Persian supply system, forcing the bulk of the army into a retreat across Greece, while the Greeks harassed them, guerrilla style along the way, finally mustering a credible land force to defeat them at the Battle of Plataea, the third battle.
Coincidentally, on the same day as Plataea, Greek Marines finished off the rest of the Persian fleet who had beached their ships at Mycale. Once the remnants of the Persian forces retreated across the pontoon bridge that Xerxes built across the Dardanelles during his advance, the Greeks destroyed it, ending the Persian threat.
