It was their home and livelihood – in the city and in their farms in the countryside. They had nowhere else to go and find a livelihood and security.
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As well as rebuilding the city which the Persians had destroyed as payback for the Athenian participation in the burning of the Persian provincial capital Sardis twenty years earlier, the Athenians rebuilt the city wall and extended it down to include its port Piraeus so that they could import food if ever under seige, and have access to their fleet to wage war on invaders’ home cities. These security measures led to Athens’ later overconfidence which ended up in the Peloponnesian War with other Greek cities fifty years later.
