Athens and Eretria had interfered in a Greek city uprising in Asia Minor, and burnt down the Persian provincial capital Sardis in 498 BCE.

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In reprisal Persian king Darius I sent an amphibious expedition in 490 BCE to capture the cities and place them under sympathetic local rulers who would keep the cities quiet.

This expedition captured Eretria but was stopped at Marathon by Athens and Plataia, which led tke king to plan to bring all the cities under control with a full-scale invasion in 480 BCE by his successor Xerxes I.

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