1. Ionian Revolt 490-493 BCE – Persia put down a revolt by the Greek city-states within its boundaries.

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2. Persuan punitive expedition 490 BCE – Persia sent and expeditionary force to punish Eretria and Athens for interfering in the Ionian revolt – this was repelled by Athens at Marathon after Eretria was captured.

3. Persian invasion 480-479 BCE – Persian invasion of mainland Greece was repelled by battles at Salamis, Plataia and Mykale.

4. Greek counter offensive 478-450 BCE – Delian League of city-states led by Athens progressively defeated Persian attempts to establish dominance over the League, defeated in several battles including Eurymedon 460 BCE and Cyprus 450 BCE.

5. Peace of Callias 479 BCE – Persia agreed to stay away from the Greek cities.

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