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The Battle of Thermopylae (like many battles) was named for the place in which the battle took places. “Thermo” means “Hot” and “Pylae” means “Gates”. The area was called the “Hot Gates” because the sharp cliff faces made passage very thin, like the imagined entrance into the fires of hell.
The main Persian advantage over the Greeks was sheer numbers, which meant that the best chance for the Greeks to prevail was to force the Persians into a position where they could not outflank the Greeks and make the amount of fighters on each side more balanced. Because of how thin the passage was through Thermopylae, it was deemed as an excellent site to provide this type of position.
