After the Persian invasion had been repelled under its leadership,Sparta faced unrest from its serf population, and withdrew from theongoing warfare. Athens took over leadership, and after thePersians agreed to peace, it converted the Delian League which itwas leading into an empire of its own and used it to intrude intothe other city-states. This led to a confrontation with thePeloponnesian League which Sparta led, and the devastating 27-yearPeloponnesian War, which the Spartan alliance won with theassistance of Persia. Sparta became dominant city-state untildeposed by Thebes 30 years later.

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