City contrivers around the universe get an chance for rapid urban development and regeneration at a big graduated table through mega-event planning. The Barcelona Olympics of 1991 saw a paramount displacement in mega-event planning, where metropolis contrivers focused on the bequest that the event leaves behind and its impact on the metropolis. The sustainable urban development of the metropolis of Barcelona catapulted it to one of the top metropoliss of Europe in a affair of old ages ( R. Gold, M. Gold, 2007 ) .
Following the success of the Barcelona Games, mega-event organisations such as the IOC, Commonwealth Federation, FIFA etc. began concentrating on the bequest program of command metropoliss for finding winning commands for such mega-events ( R. Gold, M. Gold, 2007 ) . An apprehension of the effects of assorted bequest programs and its execution in bid-winning metropoliss is indispensable for measuring the success of the Event. The success of the Event is evaluated on the footing of the bequest it leaves behind in the host metropolis.
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The purpose of this thesis is to look into the bequest of the Commonwealth Games of Delhi, particularly in footings of Urban Regeneration, Housing, Physical and Sports Infrastructure Development. A comparing can, hence, be made to the bequest left behind in other host metropoliss which held mega-events. A decision can be reached on the success and justification of keeping the Games based on its bequest.
Subject:
Mega-events and their Bequest on Cities
Research inquiry:
Is the Legacy of the Delhi Commonwealth Games 2010 worth warranting the mega-event held in the metropolis?
The above research inquiry will be answered by oppugning:
What is bequest? What is a bequest program? What does it represent?
How is bequest assessed? How is urban regeneration assessed? What are the different sorts of bequests?
What was the bequest program for Delhi strategized for the CWG 2010? What was Delhi ‘s urban regeneration program?
How does the bequest program for Delhi comparison with other bequest programs formulated and implemented in other metropoliss which held mega-events?
What were the bequests left behind in host metropoliss of mega-events in the yesteryear?
What is the bequest of the Delhi Commonwealth Games of 2010?
How does the bequest of CWG 2010 Delhi comparison to bequests of host metropoliss of mega-events?
Is the Legacy of the Delhi Commonwealth Games 2010 worth warranting the mega-event held in the metropolis?
Need Designation
A big sum of capital and resources goes into be aftering and keeping a mega-event in a metropolis. Mega events are neither capable in themselves to drive frontward all regeneration in the metropolis, nor the lone solution to the many societal challenges metropoliss and states face. But, early bequest program can utilize the mega-event to catapult the growing it needs in other sectors. Efficiency in planning and executing lowers capital and resource debasement and depletion to a big extent. An expeditiously planned and good executed bequest program will convey an all-around positive alteration to the metropolis and its people. Delhi was given an chance to be after and put to death the Commonwealth Games in 2010. A survey of the bequest will assist in measuring the success of the Games. The positive and negative deductions derived from this survey can be used for future bequest planning and executing of mega-events in other metropoliss in India. The survey can besides give critical factors to concentrate on to win commands for mega-events in future as all major athleticss organic structures in the universe presently focus on the bequest program of the host metropolis to warrant the winning command.
Scope
Bequest of mega-events constitute many Fieldss such as Economicss, Transportation, IT, Infrastructure, Education, Healthcare, Skill Development, Hospitality, Environment, Sports Development, International Recognition, Housing, Tourism, Marketing, Entertainment, Security, Social development etc. Although the survey will see the bequest in all the Fieldss, the focal point will be on urban regeneration peculiarly through substructure development, lodging, cordial reception, athleticss substructure and environmental development.
Comparison surveies with other metropoliss which held mega-events will be done from information available from books, diaries, articles etc. and besides surveies conducted by international organisations.
Primary beginning of bequest program of mega-events in metropoliss including Delhi will be the publically available Official Bid Documents.
Interviews of professionals involved in the planning and execution of the bequest program of Delhi merely, will be conducted by the writer.
Surveies on public sentiment will be conducted on certain sectors. These will be done on informed persons merely.
On-site analysis by writer will besides be done in certain sectors of the survey merely.
Comparisons will be chiefly done through quantitative methodological analysiss.
Although political factors are expected to lend to the bequest planning, and executing of Delhi, the focal point will be on the bequest instead than the political scenario and policies which resulted in the same.
Restrictions
The writer will non be carry oning any direct survey of mega-events held in other metropoliss. All information will be from indirect beginnings.
On-site analysis by writer will be subjected to blessing of entry from governments.
Entree to certain information is subjected to authorities ordinances.
The sum of publically available information on Delhi ‘s bequest program is limited.
Methodology
The Main research inquiry will be answered by covering with back-to-back sub-research inquiries ( mentioned above ) one by one in order.
What is bequest? What is a bequest program? What does it represent?
Refer to the definition of ‘Legacy ‘ by different athletics organisations like IOC, CF, FIFA etc.
Refer to offer paperss, command runs, command addresss of yesteryear every bit good as upcoming athletics mega-events, and table the different possible Fieldss that legacy plan trades with.
How is a bequest program assessed? How is an urban regeneration program assessed? What are the different sorts of bequests?
Determine the appraisal methodological analysis used by the Greater London Authority to measure the London Olympics ‘ bequest program, Bid Evaluation Commissions for FIFA, Olympics, CWG.
Determine their assessment methodological analysis in cardinal Fieldss refering urban regeneration, Sports Infrastructure Development, Housing, Environmental Impact etc.
Table the appraisal standards.
Investigate its pertinence in the Indian context.
Include other assessment standards if necessary.
Categorization of Bequests
What was the bequest program for Delhi strategized for the CWG 2010? What was Delhi ‘s urban regeneration program?
Preliminary apprehension will be made from the official command Document prepared by the Govt. of India and the Govt. of Delhi.
How does the bequest program for Delhi comparison with other bequest programs formulated and implemented in other metropoliss which held mega-events?
Once the Legacy program for Delhi is retrieved, the bequest program can be assessed harmonizing to the result of Q.2. by comparing bequest programs prepared by other metropoliss.
Legacy programs of other metropoliss will be sourced from the available command paperss, and books.
What were the bequests left behind in host metropoliss of mega-events in the yesteryear?
Secondary instance surveies will be conducted on bequests of mega-events on host metropoliss of the past. Mega-events will include the Olympics, The Commonwealth Games, the Asiatic Games, the FIFA World Cup etc. This will be sourced from the available Legacy Reports, Public Documents, and books.
What is the bequest of the Delhi Commonwealth Games?
A primary survey will be conducted to measure the urban regeneration done in the metropolis station winning of the command. A major focal point will be on substructure development particularly done for the Games like the Games Village and the Sport Facilities ( Newly Constructed and Upgraded ) . The Bequest can be deduced by the consequence these developments had in their concerned Fieldss. Other Bequests such as Reputational Legacy, Hospitality, Social and Cultural bequest will be deduced from articles, public paperss, books etc.
Interviews of eminent personalities will besides be conducted.
Ms. Susan Hunt, GM of Sports Marketing and Management.
Miloon Kothari, Architect, United Nations Human Rights: Housing.
Ashish Kothar, Environment Research and Analyst.
Mr. Vinayak Uppal, Centre for Civil Society, New Delhi
( The impact of the CWG 2010 on urban development of Delhi )
Mr. Dunu Roy, Social Scientist and Political Ecologist
( Outspoken review of the CWG 2010 and its impact on Housing and the hapless )
How does the bequest of CWG 2010 Delhi comparison to bequests of host metropoliss of mega-events?
By replying Q.5 and Q.6, A comparative analysis ( Methodology from Q.2 ) of the bequest of CWG 2010 Delhi to other bequests can be done in the different concerned Fieldss deduced from Q.1.
Is the Legacy of the Delhi Commonwealth Games 2010 worth warranting the mega-event held in the metropolis?
This will be decision of the thesis based on decisions from Q.7.
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Outline
Introduction
Research Questions
Need Designation
Scope of Study
Restrictions
Research Methodology
Notes and Mentions
Chapter 2: Bequest
2.1 Definition of bequest and bequest programs
2.2 Components
2.3 Existing Assessment Methodologies
2.4 Decisions
2.5 Applicability to Indian Context
2.6 Additions to Assessment Methodology
Notes and Mentions
This chapter will include definition of bequest and bequest program by different athletics organic structures such as IOC, FIFA, and Commonwealth Federation etc. The components of a bequest will so be deduced from assorted Legacy appraisal studies submitted to the regulating organic structure few old ages after the Games. Legacy Assessment Methodology will be derived from the Assessment Reports every bit good as the Olympic Impact survey conducted by the Greater London Authority. The Methodology will be tabulated and compared to Indian context and its pertinence will be assessed. Changes will be made to the appraisal methodological analysis and tabulated once more.
Chapter 3: Case Studies ( Legacy Plan, Implementation, Legacy )
3.1 Secondary Case Studies: Asiatic Games 1982, New Delhi
Barcelona Olympics, 1992
Atlanta Olympics, 1996
Sydney Olympics, 2000
Manchester CWG, 2002
Athinais Olympics, 2004
Beijing Olympics, 2008
London Olympics, 2012
3.2 Assessment and Conclusions
3.3 Notes and Mentions
This chapter will include secondary instance survey of mega-events and their bequest on their host metropolis. Every instance survey will concentrate on one facet of bequest as reference in their choice standards. All the events will be studied loosely in footings of political orientation, Urban Regeneration, Sports Infrastructure, Accommodation for the Games, Roads and Transportation Legacy, Social Legacy and other bequests specific to the host metropolis.
Chapter 4: Case Study
4.1 CWG 2010, New Delhi ( Legacy ) ( Secondary Case Study )
a. Urban Development ( Roads and Transportation )
B. Social Infrastructure
c. Finance
d. Environment
4.2 Commonwealth Games Village ( Primary Case Study )
4.3 Sports Infrastructure ( Primary Case Study )
4.4 Comparative Appraisal
4.5 Notes and Mentions
This chapter will include a secondary instance survey to find the bequest of the Delhi Commonwealth Games in the Fieldss of urban regeneration, societal and cultural bequest, economic impact and environmental impact of the Games.
The CWG Village instance survey will include a comprehensive survey of the Village in comparing to other Games Villages of other mega-events. The Sport Infrastructure bequest survey will measure the bequest on the athleticss civilization every bit good as quantitative appraisal of engagement, fiscal affairs, future programs and current issues with athleticss installations in Delhi.
Chapter 5: Decision
5.1 Conclusion and Inference
5.2 Notes and Mentions
5.2 Bibliography
This chapter will include the apprehension gained by making this thesis, analyzed consequences and remarks.
Secondary Case Studies
The Olympics
Barcelona Olympics 1992
Choice Standards:
The Barcelona Games is known for its organisational excellence and urban impact. It was one of the first mega-events to hold a strong bequest program. The Games was besides a starting point for the ‘Legacy Drive ‘ in Mega-event Planning ( R. Gold, M. Gold, 2007 ) .Therefore, an apprehension of its bequest program, execution and the existent bequest is paramount in saying and comparing the Legacy of the Delhi Commonwealth Games.
Atlanta Olympics 1996
Choice Standards:
The Atlanta Olympics is a all right illustration of how a mega-event can be used to alter the image of a metropolis chiefly in the field of commercialism. The Olympics strengthened the metropolis ‘s repute as a hub of planetary commercialism and positioned Atlanta as the athleticss capital of the universe. Since one of the primary aims of keeping the Games in Delhi was to advance itself as a planetary metropolis, ( Mission Statement, CWG Organizing Committee ) an analysis emphasizing on this footing would assist in finding the Legacy of Delhi CWG.
Sydney Olympics 2000
Choice Standards:
The Games stimulated the economic system through the building of extra adjustment installations in expectancy of an inflow of 1000s more tourers during and after the Games, and provided a impulsive force for Ecologically Sustainable Development ( ESD ) , in maintaining with the promise of hosting the Green Games. ( Pricewaterhouse Coopers, 2002 ) . This enterprise pushed Sydney as a touristry finish every bit good as projected it as a Green City. The heritage metropolis of Delhi besides pushed for the development of its touristry sector prior to the Games every bit good as went on to project itself as a Green City. ( Susan Hunt, Interview ) A comparative survey would assist in understanding the difference in attack and result.
Athinais Olympic gamess 2004
Choice Standards:
Athinais wanted to project to the World that it was a modern metropolis and non dependent on its yesteryear ( R. Gold, M. Gold, 2007 ) . It is besides celebrated as one of the most corrupt Olympics held. ( Greater London Authority,2004 ) . The metropolis besides made headlines around the universe for its jeer of station Games Sport Complex Usage. ( Susan Hunt, Interview ) . Mentioning several analogies with the Delhi CWG, the survey of Athens Legacy is of import and important.
Beijing Olympics 2008
Choice Standards:
Becoming the first among the BRIC states to keep a mega-event of this graduated table, as the capital metropolis of a fast turning developing state, Beijing ‘s similarity to Delhi is alone. The outgo incurred on the economic system every bit good as the state ‘s policy towards urban reclamation and development of the metropolis, its attack towards societal lodging and other urban issues have analogues in Delhi. ( Susan Hunt, Interview ) Therefore, the survey of the bequest of the Beijing Olympics is paramount to measuring the bequest of CWG Delhi.
London Olympics 2012
Choice Standards:
The London Olympics was the most recent mega-event after the Delhi CWG. Known for its comprehensive Legacy Planning and Urban Regeneration of East London, a once under developed portion of the metropolis, its bequest program and execution scheme can be analyzed and compared with the Delhi CWG. It is besides an illustration of how a former event ( Manchester CWG, 2002 ) held in a state can catapult its opportunities of hosting a mega-event because of the bequest gained from the old event. India hosted the Asiatic Games in 1982 ( Delhi ) , Commonwealth Youth Games in 2008 ( Pune ) , Afro Asian Games in 2003 ( Hyderabad ) and co-hosted ICC Cricket World Cup in 2011. A survey of London ‘s Olympic bequest planning can assist in finding how could/did utilize the bequest of old games to its advantage.
Delhi Asian Games 1982
Choice Standards:
The Winning Bid Document submitted to the Commonwealth Federation by the Delhi Government states the bequest of the Asiatic Games as a platform for the Legacy Planning for Delhi CWG. A comparative analysis of the bequest of both the Games will assist in finding the solidness of this statement. It will besides assist in understanding the difference in attack to the executing of the Games, policy determinations, and graduated table of execution of undertakings in different Fieldss. The Asiatic Games Village can be compared to the Commonwealth Games Village besides.
Manchester CWG 2002
Choice Standards:
Since the graduated table of the event is similar, and besides because it was held under the same federation and Torahs in the same decennary, Manchester CWG is the best campaigner for a comprehensive comparative survey of Legacy of Commonwealth Games. It was the precursor for the London Olympics 2012. By analyzing Manchester CWG, an apprehension can be made on how to utilize the bequest of the Delhi CWG to win more international commands for mega-events.
Although, each secondary instance survey will be concentrating on topics mentioned in their choice standards, all of the above secondary instance surveies will be studied loosely under the undermentioned classs:
Political orientation
Urban Regeneration
Sports Infrastructure
Games Accommodation
Roadss and Transportation
Finance
Environment
Social Infrastructure: Education, Healthcare
Other Bequests
Primary Case Studies
Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi
Games Village:
Choice Standards: The Games Village was one of the most of import and controversial undertakings undertaken for the CWG Games. It is besides one of the major beginnings of the bequest of the Games. A survey of the Games Village will assist in measuring the Legacy of the Games better and more accurately. The survey will enable the writer to compare the Games Village to other Mega-event adjustments and their bequests. The survey will include:
Site
Site Choice
Site Location
Environmental Impact
Distances from Venues
Alternate Site Considerations
Site Planning
Type of Housing
Density
Zoning
Circulation
Laws followed
Clustering and Unit Plans
Comfortss
Fiscal Modeling
Policy and Contract
Budget
Funding
Construction Quality
Current State and Future Use
Issues
Role of the Games Village in the Legacy of CWG 2010
Sports Infrastructure
Choice Standards: Major beginning of bequest for any Games are the upgraded old athleticss installations and the freshly constructed athleticss substructure entirely for the Games. A major portion of the budget of the Games goes into constructing new and upgrading old athletics installations in the metropolis. Therefore, the survey will enable the writer to measure the athletics substructure bequest of the Games more accurately. The survey can be used to compare this bequest to other bequests of mega athletics events.
The survey will include:
Management
Attendance:
Number of yearss the installation was used after the CWG.
Number of International/National events held since CWG.
Care Costss, Funding, Budget.
Profitableness and Income Generated.
Quality and Standard of Services
Social Impact
Accessibility, Ease of Entry
Issues
Enterprises Taken and Future Expansion Plans
In add-on to the above, upgraded installations will include:
Upgraded Facilities
Addition in Attendance before and after the Games
Addition in the figure of international/national events held before and after the Games.
The Study will be done in the undermentioned locations:
Venue
Sports
Type
Central Reserve Police Force ( CRPF ) Shooting
Range, Khardarpur
Shooting
Existing
Delhi University Stadium
Rugby fantans
New
Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range
Shooting
New
Dr. S.P. Mukherjee Swimming Stadium
Water sports
Existing
Indira Gandhi Sports Complex
Cycling, gymnastic exercises, wrestling
Existing
Jawaharlal Nehru Sports Complex
Sports, lawn bowls, weight-lifting
Existing
Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium
Field hockey
Existing
R.K. Khanna Tennis Complex
Tennis
Existing
Siri Fort Sports Complex
Badminton, squash
New
Talkatora Indoor Stadium
Boxing
Existing
Thyagaraj Sports Complex
Netball
New
Yamuna Sports Complex
Archery, table tennis
New
