Introduction – Malaysia is a country of over 200 ethnic groups

1.0 Introduction

Malaysia is a state of over 200 cultural groups. Among the Malays, Chinese, Indians, Kadazan-Dusun, Iban and others. With people from different cultural, cultural or otherwise has ever been on the docket in the direction of society and regulation this state.

Because of the diverseness of civilizations, faiths and linguistic communications ??of the citizens of this state, so timbulah assorted jobs affecting cultural dealingss. One could state that racism will ever be a limit between the assorted races. This in bend can make tenseness and struggle between communities and therefore may take to bloodshed.

Based on the events of May 13, some of import things that should be taken earnestly in constructing a united Nagara. In this instance, it appears factor harmonious cultural dealingss is the key to the balance between a strong economic system and political stableness. Very strong cultural ties to the citizens of a state rife diverseness in faith, linguistic communication, civilization and ethnicity.

Malaysiayang people of assorted races and faiths need to see themselves as Malaysians who think and act towards accomplishing a common end. In line with this, the predominating integrity between the races in this state should be strengthened to make a more peaceable environment, advanced, safe and comfortable.

2.0 Challenges of cultural dealingss

2.1 Challenges of the economic facets of cultural dealingss

One of the challenges of cultural dealingss in the economic facets of the physical separation. This physical separation built-in consequence of the policy of ‘divide and regulation ‘ adopted by the British colonialists in the yesteryear. Physical separation is doing doing an cultural group that does non acknowledge or hold the chance to interact more often because life in different states. This relationship alienate dealingss and interactions and reenforce the sense of belonging and ethnocentrism among members of every ethnicity. This could give rise to bias, stereotypes and maintain ignorance among members of an cultural group against another cultural group.

Each cultural group has its ain instruction system and still utilize the course of study as practiced in their place state. Malay pupils analyzing in the school Melayudan utilizing the Malay linguistic communication. The Indians were analyzing in Tamil schools and Tamil linguistic communications. As for the Chinese, they are analyzing in school and Mandarin Chinese. As a consequence, interactions among them merely about ethnicity.

The societal contract besides besides often raised by some parties. The societal contract is an understanding reached during independency in outlining the fundamental law. Among the issues that is frequently raised is the particular place of the Malays, Islam, the Malay linguistic communication, and so on. Any issue raised or societal contract could take to estrangement hubungn cultural groups in Malaysia.

2.2 Challenges of the economic facets of cultural dealingss

In the economic sector, there is a broad spread in footings of economic laterality. Most Malays dominate the agricultural sector is comparatively backward. Chinese people by and large dominate the more developed sectors of concern and commercialism. While the Indians dominated the farm-based economic system. Consequently, the being of different income spread between cultural groups.

British policy that put people on the occupation cause certain cultural dominate in any one field of work. The Malays are largely engaged in agribusiness, fishing and helping as a public retainer. Most Chinese people are involved in the concern sector and excavation. While most of the Indians are labourers on the estate. This difference has caused dissatisfaction among certain cultural groups. Indirectly, this beef uping lgi racism.

2.3 Challenges of the political facets of cultural dealingss

In this state there are different political parties based on cultural groups and all political parties to continue the involvements of the cultural groups represented. Politok racism can do dissatisfaction and reenforce racism if look of specific cultural involvements made without taking into history the involvements of all parties. If the issue of racism, such as linguistic communication, civilization, instruction, faith, nationality and economic raised, so this action will non lend towards the way of a cohesive society.

2.4 Challenges of the inter-ethnic

Malaysia is a state dwelling of a pluralistic society. Therefore, there are many differences in footings of faith, linguistic communication and civilization of the society in Malaysia. Each cultural group to support their civilization and imposts, cultural prioritise them and may besides see merely the best of their civilization. This led members of cultural penchant for members of the same ethnicity in taking a friend, acquire a occupation and the result will finally make inter-ethnic polarisation. Apart from the being of a multi-language imperativeness to prioritise their cultural group would reenforce the feeling of the several cultural groups. Challenges in footings of the importance of these values ??will make bigger jobs if the impression of ethnocentrism is the belief in the community.

2.5 The challenges of globalisation

Globalization refers to the borderless universe where relationships become progressively short and speedy. We can cognize the province of the outside universe with a speedy and fast and all the information can be passed without any limitations.Globalisation brings in influences from the West in footings of political orientation, civilization Hedonism and negative values, a free economic system, scientific discipline and engineering and destructive political system that is considered best for all people.

Through globalisation, the Western powers are exporting all sorts of immoralities that harm the state and the environment, civilization, amusement and development of human resources and natural stuffs. These symptoms result in the disappearing of the luhar and Western idea accepted into society. Their success was aided by the local community who consider all coming from the West is good and modern.

This will hold an impact on cultural dealingss, integrating, integrity, easy to struggles and even worse ask foring communal public violences. Indirectly, this state of affairs will decline cultural dealingss in Malaysia.

3.0 The function of authorities in bettering cultural dealingss

3.1 Constitution of the Department of National Unity and National Integration

Racial public violences on May 13, 1969 was an oculus opener about the importance of the assorted attempts to more serious focal point in pull offing differences and sensitivenesss in a plural society like Malaysia. Following the event, the National Operations Council ( NOC ) was established. On July 1, 1969, the Department of National Unity under the bid of the NOC was created to turn to issues related to the Reconstruction of societal coherence in our state at that clip ( Department of National Unity and National Integration, 2006 ) .

After the disintegration of the NOC, the National Unity Advisory Council was established on 23 February 1971. Duty to raising and protect national integrity, the state continues to be placed under the duty of the Department of National Unity. Between 1990-2004, the Department of National Unity was placed under the Prime Minister by the name of National Unity and Integration Department ( JPNIN ) .

Get downing from independency until now, the authorities has developed and accent on some socio-economic policy in the lead to the integrity and harmoniousness of the diverse communities and national integrating. Policies intended, including the National Education Policy, the National Cultural Policy and the New Economic Policy. Such policies have been strengthened further by presenting Pillars of the national political orientation. To cut down the political actions that can split people, attempts were made to organize the National Front. As a follow up in an attempt to make and beef up the Malayan race. , Several other policies were developed. Among them are the National Development Policy, the National Vision Policy and National Social Policy. Government ‘s place was farther emphasized in the 2020 statement.

JPNIN through the Action Plan for Unity and Integration 2005-2010, have planned a assortment of attempts to advance and heighten national integrity and integrating of:

1. Political Scheme: Understanding

2. Economic Scheme

3. Schemes Education

4. The National Language Strategy Use

5. Schemes Religion

6. Cultural Scheme

7. Strategies Regional Integration

8. Schemes Security

9. Area Development Strategy

10. Schemes of Human Energy Use

11. Schemes Mass Media

12. Schemes Sportsmanship

13. Correctional Strategy Unity

14. Schemes Voluntary Administrations

15. Schemes Reading Research and Publications

16. Schemes Monitoring Current Issues and Conflicts

17. Strategies constitution of the National Unity Advisory Panel ( PANEL ) and Unity State Level Advisory Committee ( JKPPN )

18. Schemes and Activities Program Unity

19. The other schemes:

-Creating preparation in intercultural communicating

-Establish scrutinizing authorities policies

-Develop an moral principle of human rights and duties to the people of Malaya

Publication reading extensively about the races in Malaysia.

3.2 Strengthening the school ‘s vision

The instruction system cutting across assorted watercourses cause no specific cast that can be used to organize a cohesive society. multi-stream instruction system that exists now has resulted in parents of pupils choose watercourses harmonizing to their ain common people. Attempts to further integrity must get down early with mambabitkan primary schools in the same cast. As such, national schools should be empowered to follow a spirit of integrity among pupils of assorted cultural backgrounds. Therefore, pupils can be trained to populate and work together with nationalism and high berakomodatif.

Therefore, attempts should be taken to beef up national schools in the national instruction system in order to put a stronger platform to unify the assorted races in the state without compromising national-type primary schools that have been agreed upon by all cultural groups under the societal contract. All parents are given the freedom to direct their kids to national schools. If they choose Chinese schools or Tamil, so no 1 can halt them.

However, primary school is an establishment of instruction for the kids of Malaysia to run into the aspirations and a national individuality. School is non merely the ability to educate pupils but aid transfuse the values ??of integrity among pupils from racial palbagai. The national school is a mainstream instruction for all Malaysians regardless of race.

To further integrity and assurance in one school system, national schools must be made more attractive to pull the non-Malays. In the Ninth Malaysia Plan, to do national schools the school of pick, the quality of learning in these schools will be ranked by 100 per cent in secondary schools and 25 per cent of primary school instructors will hold a first grade in 2010. Spirit of integrity among pupils non merely necessitate to be nurtured by the school but besides establishments of higher instruction. Measures to be undertaken are as follows, viz. :

1. Not aside the native linguistic communication proficiency severally by presenting the instruction of Mandarin and Tamil.

2. Supply consciousness to pupils about the importance of interaction between cultural groups.

3. Developing more activity between cultural groups

4. Conduct a plan of interaction between the school and integrated elements of cultural interaction in the course of study and heighten the accomplishments to interact with other cultural groups.

3.3 National Service ( NS )

National Service ( NS ) , foremost implemented in 2004, is specialized in compulsory preparation for three months in cantonment and embarkation for adolescents Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia. NS carried out with the Rukun Negara and interdisciplinary course of study that includes four faculties, viz. the physical faculty ( among other activities include marching, the obstructions, cross-country skiing and boosting the forests ) ; statehood faculty ( cognition of national building or nation-building ) ; Character Building Module ( geographic expedition of ego and interpersonal ) and Community Service Module ( includes among other activities such as collaborative clean, beautify and inspire the environing country ) . NS non-exertion or follow the tendency adopted by other states.

As stated by the Department of National Service, NS aims to hike nationalism among the younger coevals, surrogate national integrity and integrating, develop positive character through the values, the spirit of volunteerism, and giving immature people more active, intelligent and assurance.

NS so contribute to the cultivation of integrity, particularly among immature people because of all the activities carried out to stress the spirit of good will and common tolerance among participants irrespective of race or faith. The faculty is able to instill patriotism will love the fatherland every bit good as let them to larn the imposts and civilization of assorted communities. When there is a sense of nationalism within the participants, solidarity and integrating and common cooperation among the races in Malaysia to be created because each had one end, which is to see Malaysia as a state of peace and harmoniousness. This could finally bring forth teens who are willing to give for the integrity of the state.

4.0 The function of society in the context of cultural dealingss

4.1 Neighbourhood Watch

Neighbourhood Watch Scheme was introduced in 1975 following applies Essential Regulations ( Neighbourhood Watch 1975 ) . In the early phases, Pillar Tetanggga allows people to command security in their places. With a focal point on the undertakings that are required to police the community between the ages of 18 to 55 old ages. Get downing January 1, 1983 the authorities introduced a reform with accent on the vicinity construct that aims to further and beef up vicinity spirit among the local community. Consequently, The Essential ( Neighbourhood Watch ) Act 1975 has been amended for this intent. In 2000, the attack of Neighbourhood Watch was amended one time once more with a broader authorization, viz. the development of society as a whole to make national integrity.

Vision Neighbourhood Watch is to help in the edifice of a united Malaya in the context of Vision 2020. While its mission is to further common apprehension and tolerance towards the development of a united Malayan state with its ain individuality and its slogan was the United Progressive Direct.

The aims of Neighbourhood Watch, which is to continue, advance and beef up national integrity and national integrating in line with national development policies based on the Federal Constitution and the Rukun Negara.

To guarantee the ends are achieved Neighbourhood Watch, a figure of activities carried out by the Neighbourhood Watch community can be categorized into a figure of activities as follows:

– Sociable: the pattern of sing during the gay seasons like Hari Raya, Chinese New Year, Deepavali, Christmas, Gawai festival strength, and Family Day.

– Education, informal instruction, colloquium neighbour adult females, motivational classs, leading classs, tuition, lectures in assorted Fieldss.

– Sports Neka, running, football, handball, netball, H2O athleticss, traditional athleticss, athleticss and others.

– Diversion, Thai qi, expedition mounting, boosting and mountain climbing, collapsible shelters and other work.

– Health and environment-related wellness negotiations, anti-drug, AIDS, malignant neoplastic disease, cleanliness runs, anti mosquito and protect public belongings.

– Humanistic disciplines and cultural-dance categories, trades, traditional games, gamelan categories, membranophones, traditional dances, king of beasts dance, theatre and others.

– Economic activities in aquicultural harvests, farm animal fresh water fish and doing the H2O Piper nigrum

Neighbourhood Watch Scheme was introduced in 1975 as a step to let the people themselves to command and protect the security of their residential country. The strategy was later renewed by stressing the construct of a vicinity with a doctrine that will guarantee the well being of vicinities of the state. At present the function of Neighbourhood Watch Scheme extended further with the community development attack to guarantee the integrity and harmonious dealingss in the community will stay unchanged and continue.

As of May 2006, there were 3228 Neighbourhood Watch countries were established throughout the country.Neighbourhood Watch Committee has organized assorted activities in their communities. From January to May 2006, the Neighbourhood Watch across the state have adopted a sum of 36 029 activities. This activity aims to enable local occupants familiarities assisting in problem together, interact and foster closer ties at the grassroots level between leaders and people and between people of different ethnicity, imposts and civilization ( Ministry of National Unity and National Integration ) .

4.2 Open House

The unfastened house will be held by all Malaysians when the gay season. All cultural groups in Malaysia will frequently see the home-visiting different neighbours even ethnic. For illustration, during the jubilation of Hari Raya, Chinese, Indian, Kadazan, Iban and others will see the place of the Malays and frailty versa for the other cultural groups. Cultural Chinese illustration will endeavour to supply kosher nutrient to ethnic Malayans when ask foring cultural Malayans came to the house during Chinese New Year. This shows that the Chinese truly care and understand the civilization of the cultural Malays. The cultural Malays will non function beef to the Indians when they came to the house during Hari Raya. These considerations demonstrate harmonious cultural dealingss house ever prevailed among the people and understand and regard each other ‘s civilization. Practice proves societal integrating among different communities so high despite race, faith and civilization.

4.3 Acceptance of Culture

Today, the non-Malays in Malaysia started having Malay civilization in footings of nutrient and vesture. For illustration, the non-Malays handsome titling baju kurung and baju Melayu, particularly on Friday and this phenomenon is normal for non-Malay pupils. To the Malays, they began to have Chinese and Indian culinary art every bit good as the proviso of hard currency from an envelope or ruddy package utilizing a well-known among Chinese people. Adults besides have to look at lodging estates, there is the same arrangement for all cultural decidedly this will promote more cultural dealingss among the people through local activities.

4.4 Programs in Higher Education Institutions ( HEIs )

The pupil personal businesss through associations and nines must ever advance activities and plans that lead to integrity among pupils. For illustration, through the activities of the Lantern Festival, which involves non merely the Chinese and Indian pupils, but besides to be accompanied by Malay pupils. Touching student leading, turned out to be dominated by a peculiar race, but to besides dwell of assorted races such as the Student Representative Council ( SRC ) .

The class content in all educational establishments should stress educational facets in a harmonious multi-racial society. Religious values ??and common civilization should be given penchant in the topic of Nationalism, Islamic and Asian and Cultural Relations. Therefore, it is of import to beef up the course of study of personal morality and character of the pupils. This is because high personality to be the foundation of all religious and cultural values ??that will unify the younger coevals.

Ike created a nine or nine Pillars of integrity at each university is a really good measure for this proposal is an attempt to instil consciousness of the importance of racial integrity. Therefore, the pupil personal businesss consequently encourage the pupils to fall in the nine or nine Pillars of integrity by giving certain privileges such as freedom of recognition and so on. The university should besides supply support for the activities carried out both in footings of stuff or advice.

Co-curricular activities is a field of survey that emphasizes the nurturing and development of the person through the psychomotor, cognitive and effectual. Therefore, extra-curricular activities such as athleticss plans implemented, nines, associations, exhibitions, talks and many more should be intensified and expanded once more among pupils of all races. Outside of the academic system, the pupils should be involved in assorted community activities such as surrogate households, associations and uniform. This experience will be really valuable in understanding how the lives of Malaysians.

The integrity and community service activities have an of import function in promoting engagement and shared experience between them. Therefore, the inducement for such activities must be in close coaction with the authorities and the private sector. The pupils must be assigned in community service undertakings such as the operation of community service, pupils return place and so on.

The lector besides needs to be applied and exposed to racial unity attitude positive. The lector must be exposed to classs such as sociology of race and cultural dealingss to use the values ??that are of import in nurturing pupils for racial harmoniousness. Indeed, the lectors have a large function as agents to distribute integrity and harmoniousness in this multiracial state. They are agents of integrating and integrity that plays an of import function in promoting more interaction through assignments and academic undertakings.

5.0 Role of NGOs in the Context of Ethnic Relationss

While there are organisations based on cultural groups, but there are parent organisations at the national degree umbrella organisations such as ethnic-based Malayan Youth Society, Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Malaysia and many more. This of class can rush up the procedure of cultural dealingss through the function played by NGOs.

Talking about whether facets of leading at the national degree or association leaders attended by leaders of assorted communities. For illustration, the leading of the Malaysian Youth Council attended by all the cultural groups in Malaysia.

Despite the division of society harmonizing to race, as the 4B Youth Movement, Youth Association Tamil, Malay Chamber of Commerce Malaysia, Malayan Chinese Chamber of Commerce and the Indian Chamber of Commerce Malaysia, but this should be used by these organisations to make assorted duologues and seminars in order to understand the jobs that exist and find the solution. For illustration, the Muslim Youth Movement of Malaysia ( ABIM ) has ever held a seminar to explicate the importance of cultural dealingss in the context of Malaysia.

Therefore, the function of the private sector and the authorities is required to lend financess to increase research and development for invention and drive economic growing. These financess are available such as the Intensive Research Priority Areas ( IRPA ) and grants from private and institutional organisations such as the Multimedia Super Corridor ( MSC ) , the National Academy of Sciences and many more is the generator of economic development.

Because scientific discipline and engineering are so plays an of import function in the economic development of the state, so this facet is really of import in increasing cultural Malaysians. This is because when the national economic system is turning quickly every bit good as political stableness, will be able to pull more investors either from within or outside the state to drive economic growing. This in bend provide employment chances to all sections of society regardless of cultural groups. Consequently, the criterion of life will increase, the spread could be balanced and the economic system is capable of making harmoniousness in Malayan society.

6.0 Decision

Cultural dealingss is a really of import thing for pluralistic Malayan society. Cultural dealingss will bring forth a harmonious Malayan society, common cooperation and apprehension, and ever appreciate the societal contract has been agreed since the beginning of independency.

Attempts should be continued to guarantee hubungn cultural groups in Malaysia are ever in good status. These attempts involve the function of authorities, community and non-governmental organisations. What is of import in guaranting that cultural dealingss are in good status, these attempts must be answered by all degrees of society.

Cultural diverseness in Malaysia should non present a job of racism. Every race or ethnicity should cognize and memainkn their function in guaranting racial struggle as the May 13 recur. This integrity is indispensable in order to lend towards doing Malaysia a developed state by 2020.

In this respect, the predominating integrity between the races in this state should be strengthened to make a more peaceable environment, advanced, safe and comfortable. Therefore, all the cooperation of all parties such as authorities, community and non-governmental organisations is desirable to better cultural dealingss in Malaysia Nagara.

Bibliography

When Isaac ( 2001 ) . Malaya from 1945 to 2000. Utusan Publications & A ; Distributors Sdn. Ltd. : New York

Shamsul Amri Baharuddin ( 2007 ) . Cultural Relations Module. Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Teknologi Mara.

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