1. Sorcery vs. witchery ; ? about indistinguishable footings as both use the thaumaturgy enchantments, mystical or extrasensory agencies to tackle supernatural forces to bring forth coveted consequences. Ideally speech production, individuals prosecuting witchery do non take at bring forthing evil consequences. Somehow the term black magic is used pejoratively to denote the usage of supernatural powers to bring forth unnatural and negative class of events. [ 0 Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.witchcraft.com.au/witchcraft-and-sorcery.html ]
black magic -can be learnt and practiced by anyone, usage of materilas to raise supernatural powers to harm people.
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witchcraft- is considered to ensue from built-in mystical powers and is practiced by unseeable agencies. No usage of stuffs instead harm through usage of T supernatural agencies, but through emotions and thought entirely. [ 0 Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.witchcraft.com.au/witchcraft-and-sorcery.html ]
2. Animism, ? is the absence of any belief in God, instead, belief that people have souls or liquors in add-on to physical, seeable organic structures [ 0 Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //quizlet.com/dictionary/animism/ ]
3. Polytheism, ? is the belief of multiple divinities besides normally assembled into a pantheon of Gods and goddesses, along with their ain mythologies and rites. Lead to lift in spiritual category which holds particular powers for the devine legitimacy. Normally the spiritual follows through hereditary. [ 0 – hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytheism ]
4. Monotheism ; ? the belief in the being of one God, one supreme. Religious power normally merely under custodies of spiritual category.
5. Magic ; ? ? System of supernatural beliefs which leads to use of the forces. Normally for specific intent such as protection from unwellness, bad luck, natural evens, and remedy and even forestall unwellness from happening. Usually separately oriented, and practiced at irregular times- in times of demand.
2. Short essays ( one/two paragraphs ) : IN YOUR OWN WORDS, respond to any TWO of the undermentioned inquiries. Illustrate with illustrations. There is no demand for commendations. Please do certain to copy down the inquiry in your paper in its entireness, bold it, and so follow it with your response. ( 10 points )
1. Define ritual and the sacred. What maps do formal rites play in society? How about the sacred? Illustrate with illustrations.
2. Define Rites of Passage. What are their maps in society? Who are the chief anthropologists who discuss it? What are the different phases of a rite of transition? Illustrate with an illustration. How do the phases of a Rite of Passage use to your illustration?
A ritual event that marks a individual s advancement from one position to another, normally shows anthropologist what s of import for a certain civilization, normally in a ceremonial signifier surrounded events such as pubescence, coming of age, matrimony, and deceases. Some illustrations of rites of transition for faith are baptism, verifications, which are of import to certain faiths. This Idea of Rites of transition was introduced by Arnold new wave Gennep, as foremost introduced the thought of the transitional stage between childhood and full inclusion into a societal group.
Harmonizing to Gennep it has three stages, the Separation, passage and Re-incorporation stages. In the first province its the withdraw from current position as you prepare to more from one position to another, normally symbolized by withdrawal of a single or group to typify the cutting off from your old ego. The 2nd province is the period between the old phase and new phase, besides the most unsafe. You haven Ts entered the new phase but already left the old phase. The threshold. And the thirdstage is the re-incorporation where you are non defined as a new individual through a new phase. You completed your responsibility and are ready to reeneter the universe as a new individual, which can be symbolized by a ring, belt, Crown, or anything else.
An illustration of this thought if graduation, the seperation phase is when you are separated from your household and on phase. The inbetween phase is when you are really standing up but have non yet acquire your sheepskin this is the threshold- your non a alumnus yet but at the same clip you are no longer a pupil. and the reincorporation is when you sit back down as a college alumnus and travel back with your household no longer on phase.
3. Discourse the difference between illegal foreigner and undocumented worker as discussed by Leo Chavez in Shadowed Lives.
When you usually think of person who is an illegal foreigner and an undocumented worker its normally the same thought. harmonizing to Chavez in Shadowed lives these two are different constructs when it comes to immigrants. On page 15 Chavez defines the undocumented immigrants- when speech production of persons who have crossed the boundary line illicitly, without the consent of the INS, and who reside in the United States. so in simple footings they are immigrants with out paperss from the INS.
One the other manus the thought Illegal Alien is defines as the legality of undocumented immigrants presence in the United States. They are non legitimate members of the community. They are instead foreigners, but really they are the same thing as an undocumented worker merely with a negative intension. And lost qualities due to the words alien- foreigners.
Both illegal foreigners and undocumented workers do the same act merely one is followed with negative intension with the names illegal and a foreigner.
3. Long Essay ( 5 paragraphs/sections ) . Answer any ONE of the followers. Remember to construction your response in a five paragraph/sections format ( Introduction, three organic structure paragraphs/sections, decision ) . Always start by specifying your footings. Exemplify your response with illustrations, stuffs from readings, talks, and category treatments. For inquiry 1, you are expected to reference/cite at least three beginnings from your readings. For inquiries 2 and 3, you are expected to cite at least three illustrations. Remember to include a bibliography at the terminal of your essay. ( 25 points )
1. Define faith. How do anthropologists near faith? What are some of the common cross-cultural characteristics of faith? How do anthropologists sort spiritual signifiers? What are the chief types found around the universe? What are the chief maps in society? Last, in your decision, discourse whether you think religion hinders or encourages societal alteration. Illustrate with ethnographic grounds and stuffs from category treatment and readings.
Religion is a term that is used by anthropologists in order to specify a system of symbols which acts to set up powerful and long lasting tempers, explicating constructs of a general order of being and apparels with such an aura of factualness that the tempers and motive seem unambiguously realistic ( Geertz ) . In world the definition of faith is one that is hard to separate from societal establishments since there are different rites for each faith and some thoughts can be faith for some but non for others. This is where boundaries normally get blurred and non-existent, hence unable to hold a definite faith. Anthropologists normally look at the thought of faith to see the hierarchy of a civilization every bit good as to compare and contrast different civilizations and their beliefs.
One of the common cross-cultural characteristics of spiritual if the thought of the supernatural political orientation. The supernatural is the thought that tends to be in every civilization merely in different ways. But normally related to two signifiers the non-human and the human beginning. The Nonhuman beginning is the Gods whom are named different personalities. The other signifier is spirits- these are nameless supernatural existences of non-human beginning who are beneath the Gods in prestigiousness and frequently closer to the people, these can be evil, helpful and even arch. The Human beginning of supernatural existences is Ghosts whom were one time human since they are the psyches of the dead people. Equally good as hereditary liquors whom are the shades of dead relations. The manner that we interact with the supernatural seems to be different depending on the civilization ; this can be by supplication, physiological experience, simulations, banquets, every bit good as forfeits of animate beings or other things.
The chief parts of faith that anthropologists expression at are cults which are signifiers of faiths that have heir ain set of beliefs, rites, and ends ( Ferraro ) which vary from Individualistic, which have no spiritual specializers but instead each individual has a personal calling/relationship with the spirit. Followed by the Shamanistic cults, which are portion clip spiritual specializers who have supernatural powers by either birth or preparation. This is where all modern-day societies have their ain method of a priest-doctor. The functions that one has is a therapist, luck stating in exchange for gifts, and possesses the power to command liquors, and forestall them from doing injury. Followed by Communal Cult- which as an luxuriant set of beliefs, where groups of people conduct spiritual maps on behalf of community, Such as rites of transition or rites of solidarity ( Gennep ) . The last cult that is followed by anthropologists is the Ecclesiastical cults, which are monotheistic, or polytheistic faiths, with full clip professional clergy, who is either elected of appointed. With these cults adult females are normally non associated with this category. Normally dwelling of a hierarchy between the clergy and the ballad people, where the clergy are the ritual directors who are active and the ballad people whom are inactive.
The chief types of faiths in the universe have Christian fundamentalism, which have increased over the past decennaries, with the influence of public national and international policies. These normally restrict scientific and technological inventions. The 2nd type is the Islamic fundamentalism and the spiritual patriotism where the motions to unify faiths are in the custodies of governmental establishments and leaders. Equally good as globalisation by the western societies seen as a menace, which lead to safety of faith but instead brought in more limitations.
In decision I think that faith really encourages societal alteration because we are ever happening new ways of specifying our universe, we ever have people that are contending against spiritual beliefs, therefore the thirster we have it the more of a menace it will be and the more things that spiritual negotiations about will be debunked. We are seeing faith as being an indispensable portion of life but its ever ensuing a a alteration in society for the better or for the worse, with different people falling under different classs of Atheism, polytheistic and monotheistic, due to new findings. Therefore spiritual is really encouraging alteration non halting alteration from happening. You ever have people that really believe one time once more or those that believe in more than one God, or those that wholly lost hope in spiritual due to new surveies.
— & gt ; C. Geertz, “ Religion as a Cultural System, ” in Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Religion, erectile dysfunction. M. Banton ( London: Tavistock, 1966 ) : 1-46
— & gt ; Gennep, new wave Arnold, Rites of transition. 1960.
— & gt ; Ferraro, Chapter 12 Part 1, Supernatural Beliefs.
Powerpoint- Religion and Magic.
