States irrigated by an equal river system are in many ways blessed. These rivers non merely assist agribusiness. but they provide a inexpensive and efficient conveyance system for the development of internal trade. The stating goes—land divides. seas unite. But waterways bring besides a good trade of wretchedness to the people by doing lay waste toing seasonal inundations In India. for illustration. the sub-Himalayan parts of Uttar Pradesh. Bihar. Bengal and Assam are to a great extent flooded by the rivers of the Gengetic basin and the Brahmaputra. about every rainy season.
It brings untold agonies to the people of these low-lying fields. Millions are rendered homeless ; work forces and cowss die in big Numberss ; the harm to belongings including standing harvests is incalculable. Besides. inundations affect the wellness of the vicinity and increase the incidence of cholera. enteric fever and other water-borne diseases. In 1922 and 1998 inundation in North Bengal left a trail of desolation. basically in Malda. Murshidabad countries. Floods are caused by an inordinate flow of H2O in rivers during the showery seasons. due chiefly to torrential rain in catchment countries.
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This may be due to two natural causes. First. the thaw of ice in glacier on the mountains may therefore provide a river with volumes of H2O much in surplus of its containing and transporting capacity. Second. heavy rains on the mountains cause an surplus of H2O supply. In either instance. the extra H2O overflows the embankments and submerges the low-lying fields. Bursting of dikes and besides Bridges in protective embankments lead to flood. This causes large-scale deforestation. As for illustration. in the Terai parts during the war. inundations destroyed the natural embankments of a river.
Occasionally temblors. by altering the class of a river. or by raising its basin or choking and silting the river bottom cause inundation Another contributory cause is the building of railroad Bridgess without go forthing proviso for the natural escape of flood-water. Of class. inundations in an agricultural state have frequently been looked upon as a approval in camouflage. Floods leave behind on the submerged countries a rich alluvial or silt-deposit. which greatly increases the birthrate of the dirt.
This dirt on either side of the Nile owes its birthrate to the one-year implosion therapy of the country. which submerges big parts. even after the building of Aswan Dam in Egypt. Nehru used to say—give unto the river what of course belongs to her. i. e. homesteads should non be built on riverbanks or on impermanent char lands. That is a certain preventative step. better than stairss to defy after-effects. Work forces have tried from the earliest times to construct protective embankments against the incidence of inundations. Ordinarily these can be made sufficiently strong to defy the usual type of inundations.
A system of canals to water the low-lying fields affords considerable escape path for the extra H2O caused by a normal rainfall. But these embankments should hold to be maintained decently. Modern river technology and hydro-dynamics. nevertheless. have led to a cardinal alteration in the rule. It is now realised that effectual control of inundation should get down at the beginning. Flood control. hence. in these yearss has moved upriver. This includes the edifice of equal reservoirs in the caput watercourse country and the application of the rule of multipurpose river control.
The edifice of a sufficient figure of reservoirs is a long-drawn and dearly-won procedure. Public sentiment may non take kindly to it ; for it needfully causes large-scale supplanting of population as has been noticed in the Narmada Banchao motion of Sm. Patakar. For chastening the turbulent Damodar. the age-long ‘river of sorrow’ . by building the Tilaya. Mython and other dikes across her. many Bihar villagers had to be shifted. and this was non liked by the local population. The hereafter. no uncertainty. belongs to successful working of multi-purpose strategies.
So junior-grade expostulations. raised by single or local involvement. must give manner before the larger demands of the people. In recent old ages. the rainy season has brought heavy inundations all along the sub-Himalayan fields. The flood of the feeders of the Ganges and the Bramhaputra has caused untold agonies to the people of these vicinities. Embankments have been broken. Bridgess have been washed off ; small towns have been waterlogged. cutting off all communications for yearss together.
The extreme harm has been caused to the towns and small towns of Assam by the Brahmaputra inundations. The authorities must set up protective embankments ; assist the easy drainage of H2O by taking unreal obstructors. and by following local redresss for peculiar parts. It has been justly said. “Rivers that overtop their Bankss and flood the next Lowlandss offer a challenge to the people who must be ready to protect their Fieldss from flood. “
