Low Carbon Society

1. 0Introduction 1. 1Background of the study Nowadays every single country in the world care about climate change. All countries focus on sustainable development which involve low carbon society concept. The question is what is sustainable development and low carbon society? Sustainable development is eco-friendly development and low carbon society is society that consumes sustainable and relatively low carbon energy as compared with our present day to avoid adverse climate change. Malaysia also participates in this program in order to reduce carbon emission to avoid climate change.

In this research we focus on how to transformed Iskandar Malaysia to low carbon society city in 2025. In order to know the details about how to transform Iskandar Malaysia, we implement some of the research done by other develop countries. For example Japan. They have make research on low carbon society. “A Roadmap towards Low Carbon Kyoto” is one of the research made in japan by Research Team of Sustainable Society Kyoto to transform Kyoto city to low carbon society city in 2030. From this input we can take suitable action that has been use at Kyoto city to apply at Iskandar Malaysia.

But not all action that has been done in others country is suitable to applied at our country. In order to make Iskandar Malaysia as low carbon society city we need to find the suitable solution to apply at Iskandar Malaysia. The amount of CO2 emission per capita (9. 3 t-CO2) in Iskandar Malaysia is higher than national average of Malaysia (5. 0 t-CO2). Urbanization is the main factor of this problem. Malaysia committed in order to reduce carbon emission. In COP 15 (2009) , Malaysia prime minister; YAB Dato’ Seri Mohd Najib Tun Abdul Razak , has pledged a voluntary 40% reduction of CO2 emission intensity by 2020.

Under the Tenth Malaysia Plan (2011-2015); The Government has intensified effort to reduce emission by climate adaption and mitigation measure. 1. 3Objectives ?To know what is low carbon society and its important ?To analysis the current situation of carbon intensity at Iskandar Malaysia with other city in the world that applies low carbon society concept. ?To know which part in the society that emits highest carbon to atmosphere. ?To find the solution to reduce carbon emission to atmosphere. ?To find out the current practices of resource conservation. 1. 4Scope of the study

The scopes of study are to analysis and find the ways to reduce 43. 08% carbon emission in Iskandar Malaysia in 2025. This research is use “forecasting” method, where the current scenario is analyzed to estimate the future scenario. The estimation of carbon emission at Iskandar Malaysia in 2025 is 45. 5 million tones CO2. Basically for the first stage, scope of our study just refers to the entire world’s opinion about the low carbon society. And then, we limit it to Asian countries since it will ease us to find the scenario that happens now. 2. 0Literature Review .

1Definition of Low Carbon Society In simple terms, a low-carbon society is a society that consumes sustainable and relatively low carbon energy as compared with our present day practice to avoid adverse climate change. Hence conscious efforts need to be taken by community, industry, institution and government to change their behavior towards energy consumption and supply. The Society will adopt a lifestyle that make more use of alternative renewable energy, less dependence on fossil fuel and practice 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle) in their everyday life.

The working definition for policy research and action of a low-carbon society (National Institute for Environmental Studies, 2006) should have the following attributes: i. Take actions that are compatible with the principles of sustainable development, ensuring that the development needs of all groups within society are met. ii. Make an equitable contribution towards the global effort to stabilize the atmospheric concentration of CO2 and other greenhouse gases at a level that will avoid dangerous climate change, through deep cuts in global emissions. iii.

Demonstrate a high level of energy efficiency and use low-carbon energy sources and production technologies. iv. Adopt patterns of consumption and behavior that are consistent with low levels of greenhouse gas emissions. In order for Malaysia, is fast developing nation to achieve LCS it would involve a holistic balance socio- economic and ecological conservation with the widely use of low-carbon technologies and changes to lifestyles and institutions. 2. 2Classification of Low Carbon Society Based on the blueprint for the Iskandar Malaysia, we can classify Low Carbon society into certain parts such as i.

Drainage stormwater management ii. Maintenance operationa plan iii. Road layout design iv. Transportation v. Information communicatin technology vi. Electricity vii. Environmental viii. Integrated land use ix. Integrated solid waste x. Renewable energy and energy efficiency xi. Safety and Security xii. Shoreline management plan 1. 2Problem Restatement In line with the region’s vision of a “sustainable metropolis of international standing”, Iskandar Malaysia (IM) hopes to become a low carbon-emission society by 2025.

Iskandar Regional Development Authority (IRDA) in collaboration with UTM would like to solicit ideas from all levels of its community to propose an innovative sustainable solution for resource conservation in creating LCS. The propose innovations will help to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emissions at a national level and create a road map towards a low carbon society at either a regional or city level. In order to ensure the practibility of the recommended solutions, benchmarking with world-wide and Malaysia practices should be conducted.

Participating teams are required to perform a preliminary study on LCS and resource conservation concepts to benchmarks where practices in Malaysia compared to those at the international level, with particular emphasis on the current community practices, such as residential areas and schools. What are the current consumption habits and conservation efforts that can be used for benchmarking? 4. 0 Results and Discussion 4. 1Resource Conservation Resource conservation is the planned management of natural resources to optimize their utility, efficient usage in their original application, reuse, and recycling.

The aim is to minimize the energy consumed and wastes generated in all stages, from production through the life of the product right up to final disposal. A number of steps are being taken to improve resource conservation in managed ecosystems. (1) Considerable scientific research has been undertaken to better understand the natural variability and productivity of economically important resources. (2) Many national and local governments have enacted regulations for resource management practices on public and private lands. 3) In some of regions, programs recently have been established either to involve local communities who have a greater incentive to manage for long-term production more directly in resource management decisions or to return to them resource ownership rights. (4)

Efforts are under way to manage resources on a regional or ecosystem scale using methods that have come to be known as ecosystem management or bioregional management. Since the actions taken in one location often influence species and processes in other locations, traditional resource conservation strategies were often focused too narrowly to succeed. . 2Benchmarking Benchmarking is defined as to measure the quality of something by comparing it with something else of an accepted standard. Benchmark also refers to the implementation of some aspects which is currently being done in one country on another country which could help to sustain the economic growth and development. In the process of benchmarking, management identifies the best firms in their country, or in another country where similar processes exist, and compare the results and processes of those studied (the “targets”) to one’s own results and processes.

Overview of the Roadmap towards Low Carbon Kyoto It is technically possible to reduce CO2 emissions in 2030 by 40% or more as compared to 1990. This will require the widespread adoption of actions far greater than the current situation; in the usage of highly energy-efficient equipment, better-insulated buildings, use of renewable energy, energy-saving behavior and other measures. A path exists where it will enable the necessary measures to be widely adopted in the 20 years between 2010 and 2030. If actions are promoted smoothly by 2025, 90% or more of the final measures will be able to be implemented.

In order for measures to be disseminated, incentives must be provided as Kyoto Municipal Government policies. Most of the incentives are already included in the measures currently being planned by Kyoto City. Most of the entities that must take action in order to achieve actual reductions are citizens and companies in the private sector. In line with this, the understanding and cooperation of the general public and companies in the private sector will be needed in order for the policies induced by Kyoto City to be accepted and lead to action. Overview of the Roadmap towards Low Carbon Society Vision in Thailand

According to the proposed development, the amount of GHG emission increase is estimated based on (i) 2030 BAU (business-as-usual) without mitigation measures, and (ii) 2030 with counter mitigation measures (CM) assumptions of employed technologies as well as the potential to reduce the GHG emissions by low-carbon measures available during 2005-2030. Only selected GHG mitigation options, which have been found to be cost effective, are included in the 2030 CM scenario. The main findings are as follows: 1) The annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of Thailand in the base year of 2005 are 185,983 kilo-ton (kt) of CO2. ) Under the scenario without mitigation measures (that is, the 2030 BAU scenario), the GHG emissions would increase to 563,730 kt-CO2, that is, 3. 0 times higher than the emission in the base year 2005. 3) By adopting the selected feasible GHG mitigation measures available by 2030, the GHG emissions can be decreased approximately by 42. 5% to 324,170 kt-CO2 (see Figure 1). In 2005, the per capita emission of Thailand was about 3. 1 t-CO2/year. In 2030, it is estimated to increase to 8. 2 t-CO2/year, and 4. 7 t-CO2/year without and with counter-measures, respectively.

In order to mitigate the emission to a lower level, several comprehensive measures such as diffusion of low-carbon technologies in the residential sector, energy efficient buildings, energy efficient industry and fuel switching, and fuel substitution in the transport sector and electricity generation sector are needed. 3. 0 Methodology At this first stage, we are required to perform a preliminary study on LCS and resource conservations concepts to benchmark where practices in Malaysia compared to those at the international level, with particular emphasis on the current community practices, such as residential areas and schools.

There is certain method we used to carry out this first stage research. We collect data from Internet. The information gathered from the websites are printed out. What is the information gathered from Internet? i. The blueprints for Iskandar Malaysia ii. Current situation on the scenario of the realization of a sustainable society iii. The research done by other nations on the low carbon society iv. The principles of Low Carbon Society

Once we gathered the information, we divided it among us so every one of us gets the chance to read the research project done by other country. And then, we brainstorm the points together to make peer-teaching notes. These notes help us throughout the progress of our research to do this report. Besides that, we also refer to the lecturer, Dr. Hashim bin Hassan. He guided us about what should we have in the report and the power point. He also brief us about the topic assigned to us. He always updates us with the currents news about this LCS competition.