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Strategy: Force the Greek cities to keep their armies at home by the threat of amphibious invasion of their cities; thus prevent them concetrating their armies and allow own army to pick the cities off one by one and progressively take over all peninsular Greece by conquering the citiies or persuading them to either surrender or join the Persian side (which several did).
Plan: When the army route to the south was blocked at the Thermopylai pass, to outflank it with the navy.
Greek coalition:
Strategy: Destroy the Persian navy to remove its threat to the Greek cities and so allow them to send out ther armies to join together and destroy the Persian army. This would also remove the protection of the Persian supply fleet which would place the Persian army in danger of starvation in such a poor countryside as Greece.
Plan: Block the pass at Thermopylai which would force the Persians to try to turn it by sea in order to continue south; engage the Persian fleet in the narrow waters in the nearby strait at Artemesion where the advantage of the more numerous and heavier Persian ships would be neutralised.
