They were part of the Peloponnesian League, which was stronger on land than the Athenian league/empire.

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Athens’ real strengths were the money from its empire which bankrolled a superior fleet. Eventually Persia supplied the money to give the Peloponnesian League a matching fleet, while Athens’ shrinking empire limited its own fleet, plus the Persian subsidy allowed the Peloponnesians to pay more to attract the best rowers and sailors away from the Athenians.

When the Peloponnesians destroyed the Athenian fleet at Aigospotamai, they were able to beseige Athens as they pleased, and without sea resupply Athens was starved out and surrendered.

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