The defence of Thermopylai pass was to force the Persians into a sea battle in the nearby strait of Artemesion to turn this obstacle to their land advance into Greece. With their fleet destroyed, the Persians could not protect their sea supply line, and with no fleet they could not threaten the Greek cities which were keeping their armies at home to protect against this.

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Unfortunately for the Greeks they lost the sea battle at Artemesion, and withdrew their fleet to try again at Salamis. The blocking force at Thermopylai no longer had a purpose and was withdrawn.

The Spartan part of the force selflessly remained as a rearguard to let them get away, and was destroyed.

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