After the western Greek citiy-states led by Sparta had defeated thePersian navy at Salamis, the Persians could not feed their armyduring the oncoming winter and had to send half of it home. Theremaining half, with 40,000 Greek allies, was therefore now aboutthe same size as the southern Greek alliance of city-states.
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The difference was that the Persians had strong cavalry butunarmoured infantry. The Persian infantry could not stand up to theGreek armoured infantry and relied on their cavalry to harass theGreeks. So the Greeks selected Plataea as the right place wherethey could fight over broken ground where the Persian cavalry couldnot get at them. The result was the defeat of the Persian army.
