There's a specialist from your university waiting to help you with that essay.
Tell us what you need to have done now!
order now
Quote: It is difficult to imagine thatPhilip II’s policy toward Greece was an end in itself. Once hisBalkan borders had been secured his general course seems to havebeen directed toward the establishment of stability in Greece, NOTCONQUEST.
~ E.N.Borza, “On the Shadows of Olympus” (Princeton: PrincetonUniversity Press, 1990) page 230
One of the main falsifications of ancient Macedonian historyhas to do with the mistaken claim, used mostly by propagandistsfrom the Former Yugoslav Republic (FYROM) that Macedoniansconfronted a “united” Greek army in Chaeronea and ‘conqueredGreece’.
Put in context:
The opposing sides in Chaeronea were:
Side A’
Macedonia, Thessaly, Epirus, Aetolia, Northern Phocis,Epicnemidian Locrians*
Side B’
Athens, Beotian League (Thebes, etc), Euboean League,Achaean League, Corinth, Megara, Corcyra, Acarnania, Ambracia,Southern Phocis.
Neutral sides
Sparta, Argos, Arcadia, Messene.
The three last had alliances both with Athens and Philip but theirpro-Macedonian activity of 344/3 BEC showed they were leaningtowards Philip. However, they didn’t send aid to Chaeronea inPhilip’s side because of the blocking in Isthmus by Corinth andMegara. Sparta had withdrawn almost entirely from Greek affairs in344 BCE.
[*] Elis had an alliance with Philip though they didn’t take partin Chaeronea but showed their pro-Macedonian feelings by joiningtheir forces with Philip in the invasion of Laconia in the autumnof 338 BCE. If this is translated by the propagandists of theFormer Yugoslav Republic to mean that Macedonians confronted a”United” Greek army then in Coronea Spartans also confronted a”United” Greek army. Battle of Coronea (394 BCE) CombatantsSparta Vs Thebes, Argos, and other Greek allies
As the eminent historian J. B. Burywrites:
If the chances ofanother issue to the battle of Chaeronea have been exaggerated,the significance of that event has been oftenmisrepresented. The battle of Chaeronea belongs to the samehistorical series as the battles of Aegospotami (405 B.C.) andLeuctra (371B.C.).
As the hegemony or first placeamong Greek states had passed successively from Athens to Sparta,and to Thebes, so now it passed to Macedon. The statement thatGreek liberty perished on the plain of Chaeronea is as true oras false as that it perished on the field of Leuctra or the strandof the Goat’s River. Whenever a Greek state became supreme,that supremacy entailed the depression of some states and thedependency or subjection of others. Athens was reduced to asecondary place by Macedon, and Thebes fared still worse; but wemust not forget what Sparta, in the day of her triumph, did toAthens, or the more evil things which Thebes proposed.
THE BATTLE OF CHAERONEA – Philip called the Congress ofCorinth, during which all the Greek states, except Sparta, entereda Hellenic League against Persia, under Macedonian hegemony.The league council had proportional representation and was presidedover by a chairman, replaced by the Macedonian king in wartime.The autonomy of the members was guaranteed, existingconstitutions were not to be altered, and no private property wasto be confiscated. There was no tribute required and no morethan four garrisons-Thebes, Corinth, Chalcis, and Ambracia. Theking had supreme military command, and the Amphictyonic Councilserved as a court of appeals. Philip announced plans for a campaignagainst the Persian Empire.
~ “Encyclopaedia of World History” 6th Edition 2001
