People solved their problems between the heads of families, comingto a settlement (which is what we todaymistranslate as our word ‘justice’ – a just solution was one whichsatisfied both sides, which usually involved a monetary payment tothe aggrieved party, but may in extreme cases have involved theexecution of an offender by his own family to end the problem)which avoided the problems of endless vendettas.

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The city-state intervened when it was a problem which affected theeconomic, social or physical security or stability of the state,where the city’s governing magistrates determined an appropriatesettlement, ranging from a monetary paymentthrough banisment to execution to ‘settle’ the problem. Any suchsettlement was carried out under direction of the magistrates.

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