They pioneered the trade routes to the western Mediterranean,provided goods unique to them (special timbers, dyes andfoodstuffs) and in addition established a ‘carry trade’ ie, movedgoods they did not produce from one place to another. Theyestablished trading colonies throughout the Mediterranean and BlackSeas and in Mesopotamia.By establishing large trading fleets, with war fleets to protectthem, they were able to dominate trade in the area for severalhundred years, until the rise of other powers took over control ofthe areas.

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