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The problem with the Peloponnesian War was that it went on an unexpected 27 years and devastated the Greek world to little positive gain. The city-states afterwards went back to fighting each other in different alliances. Some cities (Syracuse) and individuals benefitted, others lost badly. Athens lost half its population and lost its empire. Sparta lost so many men that it could not replace them and began a slide into obscurity.
The winner was the outsider Macedonia which took advantage of weakness and division to establish dominance.