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Answer:
Hyrcanus and Aristobulus, the two sons of the Jewish King Yannai(Johanan Hyrcanus, 1st century BCE), got the Romans involved inJudea when they asked the Romans to settle a dispute. At first theRomans were cordial; and they actually became party to a militarytreaty with Judea (Talmud, Avodah Zara 9a). A couple of decadeslater, however, they unilaterally abrogated the treaty, and placedRoman governors over the land who afflicted the Jews with crushingtaxation (Talmud, Yoma 9a). In the first two centuries CE, thingsgot worse, with the Romans destroying the Second Temple andtemporarily outlawing Torah-observances, and the Jews attempting torevolt. The Romans destroyed large numbers of Jewish communities inthe Holy Land, and they killed some of the leading Jewish sages.
(During those times that the Romans didn’t interfere with theinternal life of the Jews, the reason was because the Romans wantedto receive their taxes. That, and making sure none of theircolonies planned rebellions, was usually the only thing that theRomans were really concerned about.)