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Athens lost a third of its manpower unexpectedly when a plague struck the overcrowded city. Pericles’ steady guidance was lost when he became one of the victims.
Athens captured a Spartan contingent and a truce was declared.
Athens lost the plot by trying to capture Syracuse in Sicily, which had nothing to do with successful prosecution of the war. Its expeditionary force was totally lost, further weakening its manpower.
Persia provided funds for the Peloponnesian League to produce a fleet to match Athens’. They doubled the pay of the fleet, which attracted the best rowers away from Athenian service.
The Peloponnesian fleet defeated the Athenian fleet at Aigospotomai, and then invested Athens. They added to the pressure by sending all Athenian prisoners home to eat out the food supply the sooner.
Athens was starved into surrender.
Athens was stripped of its empire.
