I assume you refer to ancient egypt, which, as a hereditary, patrilineal monarchy, was subject to all the vagaries of absolute monarchy, one of which includes a person ascending the throne the instant they become the oldest living male of the royal line. it’s happened earlier than 10 in other monarchies, Louis the XIV ascended when he was four. so in egypt, the pharaoh snuffs it, his heir becomes the god-king, regardless of his age.
as for how he ruled, i’d imagine a regent was appointed, as is customary in such situations. i think hapshetsut ruled the lower kingdom as queen mother/regent for something like 25 years while her young son grew up. he then found her difficult to be rid of.

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