1) They both relied on the Tigris and Euphrates for much of their water supply. Most main cities of both empires were built on the banks of one of these two rivers.
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2) Their languages were all based on the same ancestor language – Akkadian. Assyrian and Babylonian are close enough to be considered dialects of one another, both stemming from Old Akkadian, spoken and written in the late 3rd Millennium BCE.
3) Bonus – the empires had similar political structures – they were based around a capital city from whence a King ruled over a large number of cities and agricultural rural areas.
