They used infantry and cavalry. After the Persian wars they also used archers (the Greeks didnt like bows as they consider it a coward’s weapon, but after they experience how damaging it is they adopt it).
The infantry had light (peltastes) and heavy (hoplites) soldiers and the main unit was the phalanx.
Usually the peltastes were in front (armed with throwing spears and slings) and retreated behind the hoplites (spears, small blades and shields). At the flanks there was the cavalry which was lightly armed.

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