How did the Persian was lead to the golden age

After peace was made with Persia, Athens continued to maintain a fleet and send it out to continue to levy the annual contributions of the Grek cities in the anti-Persian league which it led, effectively converting the alliance into an empire.

These funds were spent maintining the enforcement-fleet, beautifying Athens and subsidising its cultural activities, and keeping half its people on the public payroll.

Golden indeed, from an Athenian point of view, but not necessarily so from the other cities.