The ancient Greeks are well known not only for their cultural achievements but in their sailing and navigational abilities, as well as their (primarily defensive) military strength. This led them to sail to many places in the meditteranean and set up lasting settlements, places such as Turkey, Crete, North Africa, and even the island of Sicily, in Southern Italy (Syracuse).Also the Greek alphabet was transferred and modified by way of Phoenicians (phonetics) to the Etruscans, the forerunners of the Romans in Italy, of whom the Romans borrowed and modified much culture, and in time, land (the city of Rome itself).

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