The Code of Hammurabi, (or Codex Hammurabi) is a set of 282 lawsand penalties devised by the Babylonian King, Hammurabi, inapproximately 1700 BC.

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Hammurabi’s code of laws was written in a stone monument that stoodapproximately seven feet tall and was called a stele,where the upper portion showed a picture of Hammurabi standinginfront of a seated sun god.
Hammurabi’s code included more that two hundred and thirty-twolaws, most resulting in a punishment of death or loss of limb if alaw was broken.

Only one complete example of the codex remains today. The 8-foottall carved basalt monolith was discovered by Egyptian archeologistGustav Jequier, in Iran (formerly Susa, Elam), in 1901, and is ondisplay at the Louvre, in Paris.

The text of Codex Hammurabi has been translated from cuneiform toEnglish.
Elements of the law were:

Authority:
First the law begins by giving the authority by which KingHammurabi had the power to create, or invoke, the law. Quoting”Then Anu and Bel called by name me, Hammurabi, the exalted prince,who feared god, to bring about the rule of righteousness in theland, to destroy the wicked and the evil-doers; that the the strongshould not harm the weak; so that I should rule over theblack-headed people like Shamash, and enlighten the land, tofurther the well-being of mankind.”

This type of “Deceleration of Authority” is still required by mostnations, the USA being one of them, and a “law” is deemed not validwithout the statement of authority.

Declaration of Acts and Punishments:
The law also contains clear acts and punishments for those actsthroughout, such as: “If any one ensnare another, putting a banupon him, but he can not prove it, then he that ensnared him shallbe put to death.” (a basic law against kidnapping)

(There is no 13th law because, then as now, the number 13 isconsidered unlucky.)

Closing Authority (and an interesting note):
Hammurabi then closed the laws with the authority he was given, onespecific note is made that is repeated in the US Constitution even,as quote: “In future time, through all coming generations, let theking, who may be in the land, observe the words of righteousnesswhich I have written on my monument; let him not alter the law ofthe land which I have given, the edicts which I have enacted; mymonument let him not mar.” The quote “Supreme law of the land”appears in the US Constitution, article 6. The Code of Hammurabiare basic laws that a King cannot even change because they werewritten into a stone (Basalt).

* According to historian Peter James, author of Centuries ofDarkness, scholars disagree about date Codex Hammurabi was written,with estimates spanning a period of approximately 250 years.

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