It changed over time.

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Basically in Athens adult males made up the citizen body and thearmy and navy; women were kept at home in virtual purdah runningthe family and household. There was a large number of public andprivately owned slaves with no rights and provided a workforce tohelp run the city and farms. There were also resident aliens whohad no rights but were expected to help defend the city.

In Sparta the citizens formed the army, and used serfs to farm theland. Women had a degree of equality, the serfs were bound to theland and used as light infantry.

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