Government was vested in officials known as “Suffetes” (judges).Two were elected every two years by the citizens. Real power,however, resided with a council that comprised of the leaders ofthe wealthiest families, who were members for life. Hence, thegovernance of Carthage is usually described as oligarchic. Therewas also an elected Senate of some 300 members itself controlled bya council of 30 to which most power was delegated. The ordinarycitizens, though, had their own assembly to which unresolvedmatters were referred for final decisions. Apparently, the citizensenjoyed free speech and did have ultimate authority-at least intheory. Generals were also elected and were under civil authority,that is, they carried out the orders of the civil government; theydid not themselves take part in governance or in the formulation ofpolicy.

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