Alexander the Great had conquered the Persian Empire, and on hisdeath it was dividedup by his generals into the HellenisticKingdoms – principally Macedonia, Egypt and Syria, plus transitoryones in Asia Minor.
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This took away the entire western half of the old Persian Empire.And as the power of the Hellenistic Kingdoms waned, it was replacedby the expansion of a rising Rome. In addition, the Indiansub-continent was taken over by rising powers there. So the richestparts of the Persian Empire were permanently denied to Sassanidexpansion.