It cost thousands of Greek lives.
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The pass at Thermopylai was held to force a naval battle in whichthe Greek cities hoped to destroy the Persian navy. The sea battlefailed, and the force defending the pass, having no further task,withdrew.
The Spartan contingent of 2,400 and the Thespian contingentof 1,400 continued to hold the pass, allowing 5,000 soldiers fromother cities of the coalition to escape back to their cities beforethe Persian cavalry could break through and ride them down in opencountry.
It was a noble sacrifice.
