Babylon was one of the many largely Amoriteruled ancient city-states that dotted the central and southernMesopotamian plains and waged war on each other for control offertile agricultural land. Hammurabi ascended to the throne as theking of a minor kingdom in the midst of a complex geopoliticalsituation. He extended his empire northward from the Persian Gulfthrough the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys and westward to thecoast of the Mediterranean Sea. After consolidating his gains undera central government at Babylon, he devoted his energies toprotecting his frontiers and fostering the internal prosperity ofthe empire.

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