Carthage was moving from a trading nation with a strong navy tosupport and protect its trade, into acquisition of territory tocement its trading areas by occupation in Spain and Sicily. It hadpreviously suffered severe losses in Sicily to its citizen army in480 BCE, and had switched to hiring mercenaries to avoid futuremassive casualties to its people, and when it faced a collisionwith Rome in Sicily in the 260s BCE, fielded a mercenary army.

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