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In taking over Asia Minor it brought under its control a largenumber of Greek city-states. These were restive, and when theyrevolted in 499 BCE, their mother cities Eretria and Athens inmainland Greece supported them militarily. When the revolt had beenquashed, Persia decided to instal tyrants in those two cities, tutits enforcement expedition was defeated at Marathon. The Persiansthen decided that the only way to avoid ongoing disruption in theirempire was to bring all the Greek city-states under control of aPersian governor. Some cities agreed, and an invasion force waslaunched to coerce the rest. This failed in 480-470 BCE, andfollow-up war continued until the Persians agreed to stay away fromthe Greek cities in 449 BCE, and Persia went back to promotingpeace and prosperity within its basic empire.
This left the Greeks to go back to fighting increasinglydevastating wars amongst each other, and in the 390s the Persianking demanded that this cease or he would impose peace by force onthe no weakened cities. This stand-off continued until Alexanderthe Great launched a campaign which took over the Persian Empirewhich came under Macedonian control and was split into severalseparate Macedonian kingdoms after Alexander’s death.
