Not all early experts date the beginning of history to the use of stone tools.

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But interestingly some recent research suggests strongly that when humans first began to consciously manufacture tools. something strange and unforseen began to occur in the human brain.

It seems likely – though the evidence is not yet conclusive – that toolmaking proper (creating tools, not just improvising them – a skill we share with other primates) switched on the centres in the human brain which led inevitably to complex language and the extended kin-structures which language makes possible.

Since language is probably what makes us human, and extended kin-structure seems to be what makes us modern humans (Neanderthals seem to have had much more limited kin groupings) – fixing the beginning of ‘human’ sometime around the beginning of ‘specific tool manufacture’ seems about right.

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