Roman soldiers wore the following:

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Armour :
A helmet (galea or cassis)
Greaves to guard the legs made of metal sheets
One of three types of armour: the lorica hamata (mail armour), the lorica squamata (scale armour) or the lorica segmentata (an armour with overlapping iron plates)
Arm protectors (manica) made of segmented armour.
Heavily soled shoes/sandals (caliga).

Other clothes :
A tunic
A sword belt (balteus )
Trousers in colder regions (bracchae)
Underpants (subligaria)
A skirt of leather or fabric strips to protect the upper legs (pteruges)
An apron: decorated metal plates in front of the groin which protected against blows which might cut the belt.
A scarf to protect neck from helmet (focale)

One of two types of cloak, the sagum or the paenula

The helmets had a crest holder and a crest which was made of plumes or horse hair. It seems that the crest of ordinary soldiers as placed facing from the head’s front to the back and that of centurions was across.

The lorica hamata, which were standard issue for both the legionaries and the auxiliaries and was an iron (sometimes bronze) mail armour: the lorica squamata a scale armour made from small metal scales sewn to a fabric backing; the lorica segmentata which was made of broad iron strips (girth hoops) fastened to internal leather straps were arranged horizontally, overlapping downwards, and surrounding the torso in two halves. The strips were joined by leather laces and fastened at the front and back with brass hooks. The shoulders and upper body and shoulders had additional strips (shoulder guards) and breast- and back-plates. Its earliest finds date to the 9th century BC and it was common by the 2nd century AD. It gave greater protection than the Lorica hamata and its weight only half of the latter, but was also more difficult to produce and repair. Both the lorica hamae and the lorica segmentata were mid-thigh length with the shoulder doublings or cape.

The Roman soldiers used the gladio, a short sword which was light and easy to handle in close combat. In the late Roman Empire a longer sword (the spatha) was introduced. The soldiers also carried a dagger (pugio) and two pila (plural of pilum). This was a javelin 2 metre (7 ft 7 in) long with an iron shaft 7 mm (0.28 in) in diameter and a 60 cm (24 in) long pyramidal head. The shank was not hardened and with its softness it bent on impact, so that when it stuck to the enemy’s shield, it made it unusable as trying to pull it out would waste too much time. Its bending also made it unusable for the enemy.

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