The Waikato war was a move intended to defeat the Maoris by the British government. There had been incipient warfare and guerrilla fighting since the mid-1850s, which came to a head in 1863. In the campaign the British regular forces and colonial militias pushed up the Waikato River valley, and finally defeated the Maoris at Orakau Pa (fort). The land was then apportioned amongst the militiamen, who had been enlisted on the promise of it, and they were quickly settled on their farms to save the colonial government having to pay them, and they also provided an armed buffer from guerrilla warfare encroachments on the area around Auckland.This was not the end of fighting which continued spasmodically to the east and to the south of North Island, not being finally concluded until 1872.The causes of the early ongoing Maori troubles were mixed – one reason was that the Maoris declined to sell their land to settlers, and the latter caused friction which invited Maori retaliation, the imperial troops were called in and the land of the defeated tribes was then distributed to settlers. As much as the Imperial government tried to prevent this, it continued to occur, and this has happened in many colonised countries. However there were other causes of Maori intransigence than just that one, as they had always been involved in warfare amongst each other as a way of life.

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