In view of the large number of figurines found in the Indus valley, some scholars believe that the Harappan people worshipped a Mother goddess symbolizing fertility, a common practice among rural Hindus even today. However, this view has been disputed by S. Clark who sees it as an inadequate explanation of the function and construction of many of the figurines. There are no religious buildings or evidence of elaborate burials. If there were temples, they have not been identified. In the earlier phases of their culture, the Harappans buried their dead; however, later, especially in the Cemetery H culture of the late Harrapan period, they also cremated their dead and buried the ashes in burial urns. Until there is sufficient evidence, speculation about the religion of the Harrapans, is largely based on a retrospective view from a much later Hindu perspective.

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