The author of the Book of Daniel was in error in describing Darius as the earliest King of Persia and as the king who conquered the Babylonians.

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The Persian kings are called Achaemenid, as they claimed descent from a legendary King Achaemenes of around the eighth century BCE. The Persians expanded their power by first conquering, then absorbing their Median kinsmen.

The early kings, beginning with Cyrus:
Cyrus the Great (c 560/559-530BCE) was the king who defeated the Median king, Astyages (c 585 – 550), and afterwards conquered the Lydians and the Babylonians, making Persia a great power.
Cambyses (530-522)
Bardia (also known as Smerdis) 522
Darius I (522-486)
Xerxis I (486-465), the king who attempted to invade Greece
Artaxerxes I (465-424)

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