They invaded mainland Greece to install puppet governments friendly to them to stop Greek interference within their western empire.

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Thermopylae was a pass along the route from northern to southern Greece. It was held temporirily to precipitate a sea battle by forcing the Persians to try to outflank the pass by sea: the Greeks wanted to destroy the Persian sea power which threatened the southern Greek cities and prevented them from concentrating their armies against the Persian army. In fact this sea battle went against the Greeks, and they withdrew their fleet and abandoned the Thermopylai defence as its purpose had expired.

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