There were 7,000 from the Greek city-states, including the 300 of Spartan King’s bodyguard and their accompanying 2,000 light infantry, who opposed the Persian army of about 180,000.

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The battle was a holding operation in the pass to force a sea battle in the straight nearby in an attempt to defeat the Persian navy. The sea battle failed and the task of the pass-holders ended – they went back to their cities and the Spartan 2,300 stayed and died still holding the pass to let them get away safely.

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