Acid-base Equilibria and Calculations
A Chem1 Reference Text
Stephen K. Lower
Simon Fraser UniversityContents
1 Proton donor-acceptor equilibria
1.1 The ion product of water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 Acid and base strengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 The
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6fall of the proton
Proton sources and sinks . .
Leveling e?ect . . . . . . . .
Dissociation of weak acids .
Titration . . . . . . . . . .
Strong bases . . . . . . . . .
Proton free energy and pH .4
4
6.
.
.
.
.
.9
9
9
10
10
10
11.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.12
12
13
14
14
15
16
16
17
18
19
21
22
25
26
284 Acid-base titration
4.1 Titration curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2 Observation of equivalence points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3 Detection of the equivalence point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
29
30
33.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.3 Quantitative treatment of acid-base equilibria
3.1 Strong acids and bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 Concentrated solutions of strong acids . . . . . . .
3.3 Weak monoprotic acids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4 Pure acid in water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.5 Weak bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.6 Carrying out acid-base calculations . . . . . . . .
Selecting the approximation. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Solving quadratic and higher-order polynomials . .
3.7 Calculations on mixtures of acids . . . . . . . . . .
3.8 Mixture of an acid and its conjugate…

There's a specialist from your university waiting to help you with that essay.
Tell us what you need to have done now!


order now

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *